Abstract

The rules of intake, which determine how educational institutions are accessed, play a significant part in generating intergenerational educational inequalities. Different rules may allow parental advantages to compensate for students’ lack of advantages (such as academic performance) or to multiply and help only those students who are in a position to use such additional advantages. In this article, we study compensation and the multiplication of advantages in the context of the Finnish higher education system. Entrance exams and a dual model (universities and polytechnics) make this system stand out among many other Western countries and hence suitable for this study. Using high-quality Finnish register data, we study the associations between parental education and stratified higher education enrolment across the school performance distribution. Our results show that polytechnics provide access for poorly performing students from higher social origins (compensatory advantage). Polytechnic education also attracts well-performing students from lower social origins, which leads to a situation in which well-performing students with higher social origins have a substantially larger probability of enrolling in university compared to well-performing students with lower social origins (multiplicative advantage).

中文翻译：

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补偿性和乘法性优势：芬兰的社会出身，学校表现和分层高等教育入学人数

摘要

录取规则决定了如何使用教育机构，在产生代际教育不平等方面起着重要作用。不同的规则可能允许父母的优势来弥补学生缺乏优势（例如学业成绩）或增加和帮助仅能使用这些额外优势的学生。在本文中，我们将在芬兰高等教育系统的背景下研究薪酬和优势的倍增。入学考试和双重模式（大学和理工学院）使该系统在许多其他西方国家中脱颖而出，因此适合本研究。使用高质量的芬兰注册数据，我们研究了整个学校绩效分布中的父母教育与分层高等教育入学率之间的关联。补偿优势）。高等职业技术教育也是从较低的社会根源，从而导致一种情况，即表现良好的学生有更高的社会起源具有比表现良好的学生以较低的社会根源在入大学的基本概率较大吸引了表现良好的学生（乘法优势）。