A major challenge for disaster scholars and policymakers is to understand the power dimension in response networks, particularly relating to collaboration and coordination. We propose a conceptual framework to study interests and negotiations in and between various civic and professional, response networks drawing on the concepts of “programming” and “switching” proposed by Manuel Castells in his work on the network society. Programming in disaster response refers to the ability to constitute response networks and to program/reprogram them in terms of the goals assigned to the network. Switching is the ability to connect different networks by sharing common goals and combining resources. We employ these concepts to understand how the US Federal Emergency Management Agency organized its response in the aftermath of Hurricanes Katrina and Sandy. Our conceptual framework can be used both by disaster scholars and policymakers to understand how networked power is constructed and utilized.

中文翻译：

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灾害响应网络中的权力动态

灾害学者和政策制定者面临的一个主要挑战是了解响应网络中的权力维度，尤其是与协作和协调相关的权力维度。我们提出了一个概念框架来研究各种公民和专业、响应网络之间的利益和谈判，借鉴了 Manuel Castells 在其关于网络社会的工作中提出的“编程”和“转换”的概念。灾难响应编程是指构建响应网络并根据分配给网络的目标对其进行编程/重新编程的能力。交换是通过共享共同目标和组合资源来连接不同网络的能力。我们运用这些概念来了解美国联邦紧急事务管理局如何在卡特里娜飓风和桑迪飓风过后组织其响应。