Polymeric gas separation membranes have become a competent technology over the past few decades. This review focuses on the broad classifications of membrane materials and the criteria for the selection of membrane materials, describes the various synthesis routes adopted for membrane fabrication, and explains various gas transport mechanisms. A comparison of membrane-based separation technology with other conventional technologies has also been made. The review also discusses the current polymers used for gas separations, current commercially viable membrane-based gas separation processes, and various limitations associated with the development of membrane material and separation processes. Further, various new classes of membranes developed for gas separations, including thermally rearranged polymers, polymers of intrinsic microporosity, room temperature ionic liquids, perfluoro polymers, and mixed matrix membranes, that has high separation performance has also been discussed. Some of the emerging membrane-based gas separations are also reviewed.

在过去的几十年中，聚合物气体分离膜已成为一项有能力的技术。这篇综述着重于膜材料的广泛分类和膜材料选择的标准，描述了膜制造所采用的各种合成路线，并解释了各种气体传输机理。还对基于膜的分离技术与其他常规技术进行了比较。该综述还讨论了用于气体分离的当前聚合物，当前商业上可行的基于膜的气体分离工艺以及与膜材料和分离工艺开发相关的各种限制。此外，已开发出用于气体分离的各种新型膜，包括热重排聚合物，固有微孔性聚合物，还讨论了具有高分离性能的室温离子液体，全氟聚合物和混合基质膜。还对一些新兴的基于膜的气体分离技术进行了综述。