The gasdermin (GSDM) family has evolved as six gene clusters (GSDMA–E and Pejvakin, PJVK), and GSDM proteins are characterized by a unique N-terminal domain (N-GSDM). With the exception of PJVK, the N-GSDM domain is capable of executing plasma membrane permeabilization. Depending on the cell death modality, several protease- and kinase-dependent mechanisms directly regulate the activity of GSDME and GSDMD, the two most widely expressed and best-studied GSDMs. We provide an overview of all GSDMs in terms of biological function, tissue expression, activation, regulation, and structure. In-depth phylogenetic analysis reveals that GSDM genes show many gene duplications and deletions, suggesting that strong evolutionary forces and a unique position of the PJVK gene are associated with the occurrence of complex inner-ear development in vertebrates.

gasdermin (GSDM) 家族已经进化为六个基因簇（GSDMA-E和Pejvakin，PJVK），并且 GSDM 蛋白的特征在于独特的 N 端结构域 (N-GSDM)。除了 PJVK，N-GSDM 域能够执行质膜透化。根据细胞死亡方式，几种蛋白酶和激酶依赖性机制直接调节 GSDME 和 GSDMD（两种最广泛表达和研究最多的 GSDM）的活性。我们在生物学功能、组织表达、激活、调节和结构方面概述了所有 GSDM。深入的系统发育分析表明，GSDM基因显示出许多基因重复和缺失，表明强大的进化力量和PJVK基因的独特位置与脊椎动物复杂内耳发育的发生有关。