Context

To safeguard insect pollinators and their pollination services, we need to understand how landscape structure regulates the distribution of resources that sustain pollinator populations. However, evidence of how pollinator communities benefit from the variety of resources distributed across different habitat types is scarce.

Objectives

To explore complementary resource provision, we conducted a field study to examine the resources available to pollinators in fruit orchards and woody semi-natural habitat.

Methods

We studied 13 landscapes containing both habitat types in Flanders, Belgium. In every habitat element, we surveyed nesting resources, floral resources and wild pollinators (i.e. wild bees and hover flies) during three consecutive time periods in the season (once before- and twice after mass-flowering of the fruit orchards).

Results

We concluded that the composition of nesting resources for wild bees was clearly different between both habitat types. Woody semi-natural habitat also provided more diverse- and a higher cover of floral resources compared to fruit orchards. In addition, the composition of these floral resources became more and more distinct between the two habitat types as the season progressed. Based on the plant − pollinator network we identified key plant species for inclusion in management schemes to support pollinators.

Conclusions

Our study highlights that fruit orchards and woody semi-natural habitat provide a set of different, complementary resources during the flight season, for pollinating insects. Due to the higher diversity and abundance of resources in woody semi-natural habitat, conservation of woody semi-natural habitat is essential for the support of pollinators in agricultural landscapes.

中文翻译：

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果园和木质半自然栖息地为农业景观中的传粉媒介提供了补充资源

语境

为了保护昆虫授粉媒介及其授粉服务，我们需要了解景观结构如何调节维持授粉媒介种群的资源分布。但是，缺乏关于传粉媒介社区如何从分布在不同栖息地类型中的各种资源中受益的证据。

目标

为了探索补充资源的提供，我们进行了实地研究，以检查果园和木质半自然生境中传粉媒介可获得的资源。

方法

我们研究了比利时佛兰德斯的13种包含两种生境类型的景观。在每个栖息地元素中，我们调查了该季节连续三个时间段（果园大量开花之前和之后两次）的筑巢资源，花卉资源和野生传粉媒介（即野生蜜蜂和悬停蝇）。

结果

我们得出的结论是，在两种生境类型之间，野生蜂的筑巢资源构成明显不同。与果园相比，木质的半自然生境还提供了更多种花艺资源，并且覆盖了更多的花卉资源。此外，随着季节的发展，两种生境类型之间这些花卉资源的组成变得越来越明显。基于植物-传粉媒介网络，我们确定了要纳入支持传粉媒介的管理计划中的关键植物物种。

结论

我们的研究强调，果园和木质半自然栖息地在飞行季节为授粉昆虫提供了一组不同的互补资源。由于木质半自然生境中资源的多样性和丰富性，保护木质半自然生境对于在农业景观中支持传粉媒介至关重要。