Purpose

The slightly exuberant appearance suggests a misleading idea of an insignificant diversity of microorganisms in Cerrado soils. Thus, a review is necessary, gathering essential information on the microbiology of the Cerrado soil, and its biogeochemical processes, as well as the effects of anthropogenic impacts on this important biome.

Materials and methods

We reviewed studies of microbiota, bacteria, archaea, and fungi, from the Cerrado soil, which were carried out by metagenomic methods, or amplicons sequencing. Also, we evaluated the descriptions of the Cerrado’s characteristics, and describe the implications of the expansion of agricultural areas, anthropic impacts, and wildfires on the soil microbiota.

Results and discussion

The acidic soil, subject to variations in nutrient cycling depending on the climatic season, reflects on the structures of the communities of the main bacterial groups of Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Actinobacteria. Members of the Archaea are also abundant in the Cerrado soil, with an emphasis on representatives of the groups Euryarchaeota, Crenarchaeota, and Thaumarchaeota. The fungi found in Cerrado soils are normally dominated by Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, which exert influence of the impact of land use, such as grazing and agriculture. Despite its immense microbial biodiversity, the Cerrado constantly suffers the impacts of the “new agricultural frontier,” which has been devastating the biome through the cultivation of sugarcane, maize, cotton, and soybean monocultures, in particular.

Conclusions

These activities, with consequent loss of native areas of the Cerrado, modify the microbiome present in the soil, changing the flow of nutrients and interfering in biogeochemical processes.

中文翻译：

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巴西塞拉多的土壤微生物群落

目的

稍微旺盛的外观暗示了一种误解，认为塞拉多土壤中微生物的多样性微不足道。因此，有必要进行审查，收集有关塞拉多土壤微生物及其生物地球化学过程以及人为因素对该重要生物群落的影响的基本信息。

材料和方法

我们回顾了通过宏基因组学方法或扩增子测序对塞拉多土壤中微生物群，细菌，古细菌和真菌的研究。此外，我们评估了对Cerrado特性的描述，并描述了农业面积扩大，人类影响和野火对土壤微生物的影响。

结果与讨论

酸性土壤会根据气候季节而发生养分循环变化，这反映了变形杆菌，酸性细菌和放线菌等主要细菌群体的群落结构。古细菌的成员在塞拉多土壤中也很丰富，重点是Euryarchaeota，Crenarchaeota和Thaumarchaeota组的代表。在塞拉多土壤中发现的真菌通常以子囊菌和担子菌为主，它们对放牧和农业等土地利用的影响产生影响。尽管塞拉多具有巨大的微生物生物多样性，但它始终遭受“新农业前沿”的影响，“新农业前沿”特别是通过种植甘蔗，玉米，棉花和大豆单一栽培种破坏了生物群落。

结论

这些活动，从而导致塞拉多自然地区的丧失，改变了土壤中存在的微生物组，改变了养分的流动并干扰了生物地球化学过程。