Viral infection is intrinsically linked to the capacity of the virus to generate progeny. Many DNA and some RNA viruses need to access the nuclear machinery and therefore transverse the nuclear envelope barrier through the nuclear pore complex. Viral genomes then become chromatinized either in their episomal form or upon integration into the host genome. Interactions with host DNA, transcription factors or nuclear bodies mediate their replication. Often interfering with nuclear functions, viruses use nuclear architecture to ensure persistent infections. Discovering these multiple modes of replication and persistence served in unraveling many important nuclear processes, such as nuclear trafficking, transcription, and splicing. Here, by using examples of DNA and RNA viral families, we portray the nucleus with the virus inside.

中文翻译：

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细胞核中的病毒

病毒感染与病毒产生后代的能力有着内在的联系。许多 DNA 和一些 RNA 病毒需要进入核机器，因此通过核孔复合体穿越核膜屏障。然后，病毒基因组以游离形式或整合到宿主基因组中后染色质化。与宿主 DNA、转录因子或核体的相互作用介导它们的复制。病毒经常干扰核功能，利用核结构来确保持续感染。发现这些多种复制和持久模式有助于解开许多重要的核过程，例如核运输、转录和剪接。在这里，通过使用 DNA 和 RNA 病毒家族的例子，我们描绘了内部有病毒的细胞核。