The ability of radiotherapy to enhance antigenicity and adjuvanticity of an irradiated tumor has stimulated the interest for its combination with immuno-oncology agents. However, radiotherapy often generates multiple layers of host responses which likely depends on the tumor biology, the immune cell infiltration and the induction of immunosuppressive signals post radiotherapy. Consequently, translation of preclinical findings to the clinic is more convoluted than anticipated which underscore the need to decipher molecular and cellular mechanisms elicited by radiotherapy. Here we review pro-inflammatory and immunosuppressive mechanisms triggered by radiotherapy that impact the outcome of antigen specific T cell killing and discuss how radiation-induced immunostimulatory mechanisms can be exploited to reactivate the host’s immune system, especially in the context of immunotherapy.

放射疗法增强受照射肿瘤的抗原性和佐剂性的能力激发了人们对其与免疫肿瘤药物组合的兴趣。然而，放疗通常会产生多层宿主反应，这可能取决于肿瘤生物学、免疫细胞浸润和放疗后免疫抑制信号的诱导。因此，临床前发现到临床的转化比预期的更加复杂，这强调了解读放射治疗引发的分子和细胞机制的必要性。在这里，我们回顾了放射治疗引发的影响抗原特异性 T 细胞杀伤结果的促炎和免疫抑制机制，并讨论了如何利用辐射诱导的免疫刺激机制来重新激活宿主的免疫系统，