The aim of this review was to rapidly synthesize the available evidence regarding the expected impacts of piped water chlorination, drainage, and sewerage on individuals living in low- and middle-income urban settings. A systematic search was conducted in bibliographic databases and library catalogs. Impact evaluations that included a comparator and one of the three interventions of interest, attempted to control for confounding and selection bias, and took place in urban settings in a low- or middle-income country were considered. Outcomes related to health, well-being, economic growth, and the bacterial content of water were considered. A total of 1,483 articles were identified, with 18 included after final screening. Most studies were case-control and took place in Brazil, the Pacific Islands, or south-western Asia. Fifteen studies considered sewerage, five considered chlorination, and two studies considered drainage with some studies considering multiple interventions. All primary outcomes were related to health. When implemented alone, the sewerage and chlorination interventions were largely successful. The evidence regarding the effects of chlorination, drainage, and sewerage interventions is limited and generally has a high risk of bias. When properly implemented, sewerage and chlorination are likely to have positive health impacts. However, when implemented poorly, all three interventions can have negative health impacts.

这项审查的目的是快速综合有关管道水氯化，排水和排污对生活在中低收入城市环境中的个人的预期影响的现有证据。在书目数据库和图书馆目录中进行了系统的搜索。考虑了影响评估，包括比较器和感兴趣的三种干预措施之一，试图控制混杂因素和选择偏见，并在低收入或中等收入国家的城市环境中进行了评估。考虑了与健康，福祉，经济增长和水中细菌含量有关的结果。总共鉴定了1,483篇文章，其中18篇经过了最终筛选。大多数研究都是病例对照的，并在巴西，太平洋岛屿或西南亚进行。十五项研究考虑了污水处理，五项研究考虑了氯化作用，两项研究考虑了排水，有些研究考虑了多种干预措施。所有主要结果均与健康有关。当单独实施时，污水和氯化干预措施在很大程度上是成功的。有关氯化，排水和下水道干预措施影响的证据有限，并且通常存在偏见的高风险。如果实施得当，污水和氯化可能对健康产生积极影响。但是，如果实施不当，这三种干预措施都会对健康产生负面影响。污水和氯化处理的干预措施取得了很大的成功。有关氯化，排水和下水道干预措施影响的证据有限，并且通常存在偏见的高风险。如果实施得当，污水和氯化可能对健康产生积极影响。但是，如果实施不当，这三种干预措施都会对健康产生负面影响。污水和氯化处理的干预措施取得了很大的成功。有关氯化，排水和下水道干预措施影响的证据有限，并且通常存在偏见的高风险。如果实施得当，污水和氯化可能对健康产生积极影响。但是，如果实施不当，这三种干预措施都会对健康产生负面影响。