Biofluorescence has recently been reported to be phylogenetically widespread and phenotypically variable across bony fishes, and is most common in tropical coral reef lineages. Here we provide the first documentation of prominent biofluorescence in Arctic fishes including two juvenile specimens of Liparis gibbus (variegated snailfish) collected from the coastal waters of Eastern Greenland, as well as an adult L. tunicatus (kelp snailfish) collected in the Bering Strait off of Little Diomede Island, AK. Observations of L. gibbus were made during nighttime dives within kelp forests in iceberg habitats in Southeastern Greenland in August 2019. The juvenile L. gibbus specimens exhibit both green (523–530 nm) and red (674–678 nm) biofluorescence on discrete anatomical areas, which provides a rare example of multiple fluorescent colors emitted from a single individual. Notably, the adult L. tunicatus emitted only red fluorescence in a bilaterally symmetrical pattern of discrete red dots and blotches. Potential weak green biofluorescence was also noted in a flatfish (Hippoglossoides platessoides) collected in Greenland, but in no other Arctic species. As the distribution and function of biofluorescence in marine fishes is further examined, this report adds context to its widespread geographical and environmental distributions, and shows that, although rare, biofluorescence does occur in Arctic fish lineages.

中文翻译：

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北极蜗牛鱼中生物荧光的首次报道以及单一物种中多种荧光颜色的罕见发生。

最近有报道说，生物荧光在骨鱼类中在系统发育上广泛分布并且在表型上是可变的，并且在热带珊瑚礁谱系中最常见。在这里，我们提供了北极鱼类显着生物荧光的第一个文献资料，包括从格陵兰东部沿海水域采集的两个幼体Liparis gibbus（斑蜗牛）标本，以及在白令海峡外的成年L. tunicatus（海带蜗牛鱼）标本。阿克拉的小迪奥梅德岛的全景。2019年8月，在格陵兰东南部冰山栖息地的海带森林中的海带森林中进行夜间潜水时，观察到了长臂猿。在分离的解剖学上，幼年的长臂猿标本既显示绿色（523-530 nm）又显示红色（674-678 nm）生物荧光。区域，这提供了一个人发出多种荧光颜色的罕见示例。值得注意的是，成年L. tunicatus仅以离散的红点和斑点的双向对称模式发射红色荧光。在格陵兰收集的比目鱼（Hippoglossoides platesoides）中也发现了潜在的弱绿色生物荧光，但没有其他北极物种。随着对生物荧光在海洋鱼类中的分布和功能的进一步研究，本报告为其广泛的地理和环境分布增加了背景，并表明，尽管很少见，但北极鱼类谱系中确实发生了生物荧光。在格陵兰收集的比目鱼（Hippoglossoides platesoides）中也发现了潜在的弱绿色生物荧光，但没有其他北极物种。随着对生物荧光在海洋鱼类中的分布和功能的进一步研究，本报告为其广泛的地理和环境分布增加了背景，并表明，尽管很少见，但北极鱼类谱系中确实发生了生物荧光。在格陵兰收集的比目鱼（Hippoglossoides platesoides）中也发现了潜在的弱绿色生物荧光，但没有其他北极物种。随着对生物荧光在海洋鱼类中的分布和功能的进一步研究，本报告为其广泛的地理和环境分布增加了背景，并表明，尽管很少见，但北极鱼类谱系中确实发生了生物荧光。