Kuwait–Georgian archaeological work at Failaka Island showed the need for geological study. Analysis of sediments related to drinking water-collecting cisterns was performed on a Late Islamic settlement (NE part of the island) in 2018. Field sedimentological, grain size and XRD analysis of the sediment profiles showed that the shallow (about 1 m deep) cone-shaped wells are dug in the loose, porous, cross-stratified calcareous coarse-grained quartz sandstones. Three upper layers of quartz sandstones in the profile have high infiltration rate and provide a rare yet ideal material for water retention. The fourth dense layer below, composed of very fine sand and silt fraction, tends to hinder water movement and forms a relatively impermeable water-resistant surface. Thus, the distribution patterns of clay content, grain sizes and porosity of the well-hosting sediments are favourable for freshwater infiltration and harvesting. An additional petrographic analysis was conducted on different types of rocks discovered on the archaeological site, used as building material and fragments of stone artifacts to identify their origin. It was established that archaeological building material is of local origin, whereas the source rocks for stone artifacts were imported.

中文翻译：

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对科威特法拉卡岛地质的贡献：来自该岛东北部沉积学和岩石学数据的证据

科威特-格鲁吉亚在法拉卡岛的考古工作表明需要进行地质研究。2018 年，对一个晚期伊斯兰聚落（岛屿的东北部）进行了与饮用水收集水池相关的沉积物分析。沉积物剖面的现场沉积学、粒度和 XRD 分析表明，浅（约 1 m 深）锥在松散、多孔、交错层状的钙质粗粒石英砂岩中挖形井。剖面上三层石英砂岩入渗率高，是一种稀有而理想的保水材料。下面的第四个致密层由非常细的沙子和粉砂部分组成，往往会阻碍水的运动并形成相对不透水的防水表面。因此，粘土含量的分布模式，良好的沉积物的粒度和孔隙度有利于淡水的渗透和收集。对考古现场发现的不同类型的岩石进行了额外的岩相分析，这些岩石用作建筑材料和石制品碎片，以确定其来源。已确定考古建筑材料来自当地，而石制品的源岩则是进口的。