Context:

Modern Code Review (MCR) is a widely known practice of software quality assurance. However, the existing body of knowledge of MCR is currently not understood as a whole.

Objective:

Our goal is to identify the state of the art on MCR, providing a structured overview and an in-depth analysis of the research done in this field.

Methods:

We performed a systematic literature review, selecting publications from four digital libraries.

Results:

A total of 139 papers were selected and analyzed in three main categories. Foundational studies are those that analyze existing or collected data from the adoption of MCR. Proposals consist of techniques and tools to support MCR, while evaluations are studies to assess an approach or compare a set of them.

Conclusion:

The most represented category is foundational studies, mainly aiming to understand the motivations for adopting MCR, its challenges and benefits, and which influence factors lead to which MCR outcomes. The most common types of proposals are code reviewer recommender and support to code checking. Evaluations of MCR-supporting approaches have been done mostly offline, without involving human subjects. Five main research gaps have been identified, which point out directions for future work in the area.

中文翻译：

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系统的文献综述和现代规范回顾的分类法

语境：

现代代码审查（MCR）是一种广泛的软件质量保证实践。但是，目前尚未整体了解MCR的现有知识。

客观的：

我们的目标是确定MCR的最新状态，提供对该领域研究的结构化概述和深入分析。

方法：

我们进行了系统的文献综述，从四个数字图书馆中选择了出版物。

结果：

总共选择了139篇论文，并在三个主要类别中进行了分析。基础研究是那些对采用MCR的现有或收集的数据进行分析的研究。提案由支持MCR的技术和工具组成，而评估则是评估一种方法或比较其中一种方法的研究。

结论：

最有代表性的类别是基础研究，主要旨在了解采用MCR的动机，其挑战和收益，以及哪些影响因素导致产生MCR的结果。建议的最常见类型是代码审阅者推荐程序和对代码检查的支持。对MCR支持方法的评估大部分是在离线状态下进行的，没有涉及人类受试者。确定了五个主要的研究差距，为该领域的未来工作指明了方向。