To overcome the topographic limitations of pumped hydro storage (PHS) system, novel gravity energy storage (GES) technologies are developing. In this paper, a pioneering work on the modeling and scheduling of a GES system is conducted. The GES system stores and releases energy by lifting and lowering concrete bricks. Since the working principle of the GES system is similar to that of a PHS plant, a double-tower based model of the GES system is established. In addition, a day-ahead scheduling model of the GES system is proposed to test the operation of such system. Specifically, the uncertainty of market price is considered with a data-driven distributionally robust optimization method. Some linearization and reformulation techniques are presented to transform the problem into a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) problem which can be solved easily. Numerical experiments indicate that the proposed model can effectively characterize the operation of the GES system. Concrete bricks are lifted up during low-price period and descend under gravity during high-price period to gain benefits. Additionally, the round trip efficiency considerably influences the total profits.

中文翻译：

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考虑不确定性的重力储能系统日前调度


为了克服抽水蓄能（PHS）系统的地形限制，新型重力储能（GES）技术正在开发。本文对 GES 系统的建模和调度进行了开创性的工作。 GES 系统通过提升和降低混凝土砖来存储和释放能量。由于GES系统的工作原理与PHS电站类似，因此建立了基于双塔的GES系统模型。此外，还提出了GES系统日前调度模型来测试该系统的运行情况。具体来说，采用数据驱动的分布鲁棒优化方法来考虑市场价格的不确定性。提出了一些线性化和重构技术，将问题转化为可以轻松解决的混合整数线性规划（MILP）问题。数值实验表明，所提出的模型可以有效地表征GES系统的运行。低价时期混凝土砖被举起，高价时期混凝土砖在重力作用下下降以获得收益。此外，往返效率对总利润影响很大。