Small wind turbines (SWTs) are promoted to be used in urban areas to mitigate the carbon footprint and expensive upgrades expected from high penetration levels of fast charging stations (FCSs). In this paper, a planning framework is proposed to amplify the total benefit for the owners of FCSs and SWTs as well as local distribution companies (LDCs). A stochastic program is developed to site and size SWTs along with FCSs in urban and suburban areas considering their specific wind characteristics, statutory regulations, turbine clustering studies, and geographic constraints. A worthiness metric is also proposed to rank FCS candidate locations based on their attractiveness to electric-vehicle (EV) drivers. An electric distribution network is overlaid onto a geographic map of downtown Chicago to assess the introduced planning framework. Results show that new efficient SWTs in urban areas can realistically justify their own investments over the long-term, and reduce the overall system losses and support FCS loads. In the case study presented, the investments yield a present value of $15M in profit, in 20 years, with an investment of $23M—only $6M of which is capital due in year one, while the rest consists of annual operation and maintenance costs.

中文翻译：

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在城市地区为快速充电站和小型风轮机选址和选型的随机程序

小型风力涡轮机（SWTs）推广用于城市地区，以减少碳足迹和快速充电站（FCS）的高渗透率带来的昂贵升级费用。在本文中，提出了一个计划框架，以扩大FCS和SWT所有者以及本地配电公司（LDC）的总收益。考虑到SWT的具体风特性，法规，涡轮机群集研究和地理限制，制定了一个随机计划来确定SWT和FCS在城市和郊区的位置和大小。还提出了一种有价值的度量标准，以基于FCS候选位置对电动汽车（EV）驾驶员的吸引力对其进行排名。配电网络覆盖在芝加哥市区的地理地图上，以评估引入的规划框架。结果表明，城市地区新的高效SWT可以长期合理地证明自己的投资合理，并减少总体系统损失并支持FCS负载。在所介绍的案例研究中，投资在20年内产生的现值为1500万美元的利润，投资额为2300万美元，其中只有600万美元是第一年到期的资本，而其余部分则是每年的运营和维护费用费用。