This paper develops an incident energy-based model for fixed multi-row bifacial PV systems considering ground albedo and different configuration parameters, including the inclination (tilt) and orientation angles, the height off the ground, and the horizontal distance between PV rows. The various view factors (VFs) involved in the study, sky model, and the angular position of the sun are included in the model. The proposed analytical model is capable of evaluating the solar irradiance reaching each side of a bifacial PV array at any time and location. The impacts of the configuration parameters on the total energy achievable on the front and back surfaces are studied in detail. Finally, simulations are performed on the IEEE 69-bus test network to show how bifacial PVs can help tackle the Duck curve issue caused by conventional mono-facial PVs.

中文翻译：

---

双面光伏阵列的建模，配置和网格集成分析

本文考虑地面反照率和不同的配置参数（包括倾斜度（倾斜）和方向角，离地高度以及光伏行之间的水平距离），为固定的多行双面光伏系统开发了基于入射能量的模型。模型中包括研究中涉及的各种视图因子（VF），天空模型和太阳的角位置。所提出的分析模型能够评估在任何时间和位置到达双面PV阵列每一侧的太阳辐照度。详细研究了配置参数对正面和背面可获得的总能量的影响。最后，在IEEE 69总线测试网络上进行了仿真，以显示双面PV如何帮助解决由传统单面PV引起的Duck曲线问题。