Full waveform inversion (FWI) has the potential to recover high-resolution physical parameters of the Earth from seismic data. Considering the attenuation effects of the subsurface, we develop a new visco-acoustic FWI method in the time domain with a known Q model. The seismic wavefield is modelled by solving a decoupled fractional Laplacian visco-acoustic wave equation, which can better describe amplitude attenuation and phase distortion during wave propagation. To weaken the initial model dependence of visco-acoustic FWI, we introduce the optimal transport-based misfit functional which can measure the data residual globally. Numerical examples on the 2D Marmousi model demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method compared with the L₂ norm-based method which measures the misfit of observed and synthetic seismic data locally, generating cycle-skipping issue. The inversion results of seismic data without low-frequency components further demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed method, which is insensitive towards low-frequency components, and may achieve reasonable inversion results for field data application.

全波形反演（FWI）有可能从地震数据中恢复地球的高分辨率物理参数。考虑到地下的衰减效应，我们在已知 Q 模型的时域中开发了一种新的粘声 FWI 方法。地震波场是通过解耦分数拉普拉斯粘声波方程来建模的，它可以更好地描述波传播过程中的幅度衰减和相位失真。为了削弱粘声 FWI 的初始模型依赖性，我们引入了基于传输的最优失配函数，该函数可以全局测量数据残差。2D Marmousi 模型的数值例子证明了所提出的方法与 L _{2相比的优越性}基于范数的方法，该方法在本地测量观测和合成地震数据的失配，从而产生跳周期问题。没有低频分量的地震资料反演结果进一步证明了该方法的有效性和有效性，该方法对低频分量不敏感，可以为现场数据应用取得合理的反演结果。