Recent accumulation of a critical mass of observational material from different spacecraft complete with the enhanced abilities of numerical methods have led to a boom of studies revealing the high complexity of processes occurring in the heliosphere. Views on the solar wind filling the interplanetary medium have dramatically developed from the beginning of the space era. A 2-D picture of the freely expanding solar corona and non-interacting solar wind structures described as planar or spherically-symmetric objects has dominated for decades. Meanwhile, the scientific community gradually moved to a modern understanding of the importance of the 3-D nature of heliospheric processes and their studies via MHD/kinetic simulations, as well as observations of large-scale flows and streams both in situ and remotely, in white light and/or via interplanetary scintillations. The new 3-D approach has provided an opportunity to understand the dynamics of heliospheric structures and processes that could not even be imagined before within the 2-D paradigm. In this review, we highlight a piece of the puzzle, showing the evolution of views on processes related to current sheets, plasmoids, blobs and flux ropes of various scales and origins in the heliosphere. The first part of the review focuses on introducing these plasma structures, discussing their key properties, and paying special attention to their observations in different space plasmas.

近来来自不同航天器的临界观测物质的积累，加上数值方法的增强能力，导致了大量的研究，揭示了日光层中发生的过程的高度复杂性。自太空时代开始以来，关于充填行星际介质的太阳风的观点就得到了极大的发展。数十年来，被描述为平面或球对称物体的自由膨胀的日冕和非相互作用的太阳风结构的二维图片占据了主导地位。同时，科学界逐渐通过MHD /动力学模拟以及对原位和远程大规模流和流的观测，逐渐了解了日球过程的3D性质及其研究的重要性，在白光下和/或通过行星际闪烁。新的3-D方法提供了一个机会，可以了解以前在2-D范式中甚至无法想象的日球结构和过程的动力学。在这篇评论中，我们重点介绍了一个难题，它显示了与当前层，太阳系中各种规模和起源的等离子体，等离子体，斑点和通量绳有关的过程的观点的演变。审查的第一部分重点介绍这些等离子体结构，讨论它们的关键特性，并特别注意它们在不同空间等离子体中的观察结果。我们重点介绍了一个谜题，它显示了与当前表层，等离子体，斑点和通量绳的各种尺度和起源有关的过程的观点的演变。审查的第一部分重点介绍这些等离子体结构，讨论它们的关键特性，并特别注意它们在不同空间等离子体中的观察结果。我们重点介绍了一个谜题，它显示了与当前表层，等离子体，斑点和通量绳的各种尺度和起源有关的过程的观点的演变。审查的第一部分重点介绍这些等离子体结构，讨论它们的关键特性，并特别注意它们在不同空间等离子体中的观察结果。