In this paper, a deterministic mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model is proposed aiming at designing and planning the downstream oil supply chain. The optimization model defines the strategic network design, and then determines its tactical distribution plan. A multimodal transportation network is considered in which road, maritime, rail, and pipeline resources may be chosen. The network structure is represented through a graph modeling approach, so the diverse network operations, for example, the exchange of products between warehouses, may be readily incorporated into the optimization model. A case study based on the Brazilian oil industry is explored and analyzed to check and demonstrate the adequacy of the MILP model to solve a real-world problem.

中文翻译：

---

用于设计和规划下游石油供应链的图形建模框架

在本文中，提出了一种确定性混合整数线性规划（MILP）模型，旨在设计和规划下游石油供应链。优化模型定义了战略网络设计，然后确定了其战术分配方案。考虑选择公路、海运、铁路和管道资源的多式联运网络。网络结构通过图建模方法表示，因此可以很容易地将各种网络操作（例如仓库之间的产品交换）合并到优化模型中。探索和分析了一个基于巴西石油工业的案例研究，以检查和证明 MILP 模型解决实际问题的充分性。