Introduction

Smokers with substance use disorders (SUDs) show elevated tobacco prevalence, and smoking abstinence rates are considerably low. This randomized controlled trial sought to compare the effect of a cognitive behavioral treatment (CBT) that includes an episodic future thinking (EFT) component with the same treatment protocol plus contingency management (CM). This study aims to examine the effect of CM on smoking outcomes and in-treatment behaviors (i.e., retention, session attendance and adherence to nicotine use reduction guidelines), and to analyze whether these in-treatment variables predicted days of continuous abstinence at end-of-treatment.

Method

A total of 54 treatment-seeking participants (75.9% males, M = 46.19 years old) were allocated to CBT + EFT (n = 30) or CBT + EFT + CM (n = 24). Intervention consisted of eight weeks of group-based sessions. Tobacco abstinence was verified biochemically by testing levels of carbon monoxide (≤4ppm) and urine cotinine (≤80 ng/ml).

Results

CM intervention increased 24-hour tobacco abstinence (50% vs. 20%, χ²(1) = 5.4; p = .021) and days of continuous abstinence (M = 5.92 ± 7.67 vs. 5.53 ± 12.42; t(52) = -0.132; p = 0.89) at end-of-treatment in comparison with CBT + EFT intervention. Although not statistically significant, CBT + EFT + CM enhanced in-treatment behaviors, in terms of retention (83.3% vs. 70%; χ²(1) = 0.255; p = .208), sessions attended (12.29 ± 3.22 vs. 10.93 ± 3.26; t(52) = -1.527; p = .133) and adherence to weekly nicotine use reduction targets (41.07% ± 31.96 vs. 35% ±2 6.28; t(52) = -0.766; p = .447). A higher percentage of samples meeting reduction guidelines (β = 0.609; p<.001) predicted days of continuous abstinence at end-of-treatment.

Conclusion

Combining CM with CBT + EFT improves short-term quitting rates. Findings suggest the need to incorporate strategies for improving adherence to nicotine reduction guidelines.

中文翻译：

---

药物滥用个体中戒烟的应急管理：治疗中和治疗后的效果

介绍

患有物质使用障碍（SUD）的吸烟者显示出较高的烟草流行率，并且戒烟率相当低。这项随机对照试验试图比较认知行为治疗（CBT）的效果，该行为包括情节性未来思维（EFT）组件和相同的治疗方案以及应急管理（CM）。这项研究旨在研究CM对吸烟结局和治疗行为（例如，保留，出勤率和遵守尼古丁使用量减少指南的影响）的影响，并分析这些治疗变量是否可预测末日持续戒酒的天数。治疗。

方法

共有54位寻求治疗的参与者（男性75.9％，M  = 46.19岁）被分配为CBT + EFT（n  = 30）或CBT + EFT + CM（n  = 24）。干预包括八周的小组会议。通过测试一氧化碳（≤4ppm）和尿液可替宁（≤80ng / ml）的水平，对生猪戒烟进行了生化检验。

结果

CM干预增加24小时烟草戒断（50％对20％，χ ²（1）= 5.4; p  = 0.021）和连续禁欲天（中号 = 5.92±7.67对5.53±12.42;吨（52） 与CBT + EFT干预相比，治疗结束时= -0.132; p = 0.89）。尽管没有统计学显著，CBT + EFT + CM增强在治疗行为，在保持性（83.3％对70％; χ ²（1）= 0.255; p  = 0.208），会话出席（12.29±3.22对比10.93±3.26；t（52）= -1.527；p = .133  ）和遵守每周减少尼古丁使用量的目标（41.07％±31.96与35％±2 6.28；t（52）= -0.766 ; p  = .447）。符合减少指标的样本中有更高的百分比（β= 0.609；p <.001）预测治疗结束后持续禁欲的天数。

结论

将CM与CBT + EFT结合使用可提高短期退出率。研究结果表明需要纳入改善尼古丁减少指南依从性的策略。