Abstract

The specificity of the development of a counter discharge from a grounded electrode in the field of a negative stepped lightning leader has been established. It is shown that high-voltage control pulses are effective only when acting directly on a counter leader. Analytical expressions are derived for estimating the conditions for the start of the counter discharge directly in the streamer form, which bypasses the stage of nonstationary ultra corona, and also for determining the amplitude of the control pulse capable of exciting an upward lightning from an electrode of a given height in the atmosphere free from the ultra corona charge. The parameters of the control voltage pulse for the excitation of a trigger lightning in a real thunderstorm situation are determined by numerical simulation. A sharp decrease in the effectiveness of control actions with the duration of a few microseconds is established. It is experimentally proven that the consequences of the impact of such pulses is a delay in the formation of a counter leader, but not in any way its stimulation. The origin of the decrease in the efficiency of lightning rods of early streamer initiation in comparison with traditional ones of the same height is established.

中文翻译：

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雷电放电控制措施问题

摘要

在负阶梯式雷电引导器领域，已经确定了从接地电极产生反向放电的特异性。结果表明，高压控制脉冲仅在直接作用于计数器引线时才有效。导出解析表达式，以估算直接以流光形式进行反放电的条件，该条件绕过了非平稳超电晕的阶段，还用于确定能够激发来自电极的向上闪电的控制脉冲的幅度。大气中没有高度电晕电荷的给定高度。通过数值模拟确定在真实雷暴情况下用于激发触发雷电的控制电压脉冲的参数。在几微秒的持续时间内，控制动作的有效性急剧下降。实验证明，这种脉冲的冲击的结果是延迟反导的形成，但绝不是以任何方式刺激反导。与相同高度的传统避雷针相比，早期拖缆启动的避雷针效率下降的根源已经确定。