Wind energy is recognized worldwide as cost-effective and environmentally friendly and is among the fastest-growing sources of electrical energy. To further decrease the cost of wind energy, wind turbines are being designed at ever larger scales, which is challenging due to greater structural loads and deflections. Large-scale systems such as modern wind turbines increasingly require a control co-design approach, whereby the system design and control design are performed in a more integrated fashion. We overview a two-bladed downwind morphing rotor concept that is expected to lower the cost of energy at wind turbine sizes beyond 13 megawatts (MW) compared with continued upscaling of traditional three-bladed upwind rotor designs. We describe an aero-structural-control co-design process that we have used in designing such extreme-scale wind turbines, and we discuss how we were able to achieve a 25% reduction in levelized cost of energy for our final turbine design compared to a conventional upwind three-bladed rotor design.

风能在世界范围内被公认为具有成本效益和环境友好性，并且是增长最快的电能来源之一。为了进一步降低风能的成本，风力涡轮机的设计规模越来越大，由于更大的结构载荷和挠度，这具有挑战性。现代风力涡轮机等大型系统越来越需要控制协同设计方法，从而以更加集成的方式执行系统设计和控制设计。我们概述了一种两叶片顺风变型转子概念，与传统三叶片迎风转子设计的持续升级相比，该概念有望降低风力涡轮机尺寸超过 13 兆瓦 (MW) 的能源成本。我们描述了我们在设计这种超大规模风力涡轮机时使用的航空结构控制协同设计过程，