Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have been diffusely detected in several kinds of organic solid waste, such as livestock manure, sludge, antibiotic fermentation residues, and food waste, thus attracting great attention. Aerobic composting, which is an effective, harmless treatment method for organic solid waste to promote recycling, has been identified to also aid in ARG reduction. However, the effect of composting in removing ARGs from organic solid waste has recently become controversial. Thus, this article summarizes and reviews the research on ARGs in relation to composting in the past 5 years. ARGs in organic solid waste could spread in different environmental media, including soil and the atmosphere, which could widen environmental risks. However, the conventional composting technology had limited effect on ARGs removal from organic solid waste. Improved composting processes, such as hyperthermophilic temperature composting, could effectively remove ARGs, and the HGT of ARGs and the microbial communities are identified as vital influencing factors. Currently, during the composting process, ARGs were mainly affected by three response pathways, (I) “Microenvironment-ARGs”; (II) “Microenvironment-microorganisms-ARGs”; (III) “Microorganisms-horizontal gene transfer-ARGs”, respectively. Response pathway II had been studied the most which was believed that microbial community was an important factor affecting ARGs. In response pathway III, mainly believed that MGEs played an important role and paid less attention to eARGs. Further research on the role and impact of eARGs in ARGs may be considered in the future. It aims to provide support for further research on environmental risk control of ARGs in organic solid waste.

抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）已在多种有机固体废物中广泛检测到，例如牲畜粪便，污泥，抗生素发酵残留物和食物垃圾，因此备受关注。有氧堆肥是一种有效的，无害的有机固体废物处理方法，可促进回收利用，已被认为也有助于减少ARG。但是，堆肥化从有机固体废物中去除ARG的效果近来引起争议。因此，本文总结并回顾了过去5年中与堆肥相关的ARGs的研究。有机固体废物中的ARG可能会传播到土壤和大气等不同的环境介质中，从而扩大环境风险。然而，传统的堆肥技术对从有机固体废物中去除ARG的作用有限。改进的堆肥工艺（例如，超高温温度堆肥）可以有效去除ARGs，并且ARGs的HGT和微生物群落被确定为重要的影响因素。目前，在堆肥过程中，ARGs主要受到三种反应途径的影响：（I）“微环境-ARG”；（II）“微环境-微生物-ARG”；（III）分别是“微生物-水平基因转移-ARG”。对反应途径II的研究最多，认为微生物群落是影响ARGs的重要因素。在反应途径III中，主要认为MGE发挥了重要作用，对eARG的关注较少。将来可能会考虑进一步研究eARG在ARG中的作用和影响。它旨在为进一步研究有机固体废物中ARG的环境风险控制提供支持。