The application of conventional aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) has been restricted due to the environmental hazards caused by long-chain fluorocarbon surfactants. Environmentally friendly firefighting foams are urgently needed. In this study, AFFFs based on a long-chain fluorocarbon surfactant and a short-chain fluorocarbon surfactant, and fluorine-free foams based on a silicone surfactant and a mixture of foam stabilizers are prepared. The critical properties, including film-forming ability, foam stability, and foam spreading property, of foams and a commercial AFFF are investigated systematically. The fire extinguishing and burn-back performances are evaluated by a small-scale test method. Results indicate that the removal of fluorocarbon surfactants from AFFF leads to an apparent decrease in film-forming ability, foam stability, foam spreading property, and corresponding fire extinguishing performance. AFFF based on short-chain fluorocarbon surfactant shows excellent extinguishing and burn-back performances even if its film-forming ability, foam stability, and foam spreading are slightly worse than those of conventional AFFF. Although FfreeF cannot form an aqueous film and exhibits poor foam spreading, it demonstrates satisfactory fire extinguishing performance and optimal burn-back performance depending on its superhigh stability. This study can provide guidance in the development of environmentally friendly firefighting foams.

由于长链碳氟化合物表面活性剂对环境的危害，限制了常规水性成膜泡沫（AFFF）的应用。迫切需要环保的消防泡沫。在这项研究中，制备了基于长链碳氟化合物表面活性剂和短链碳氟化合物表面活性剂的AFFF，以及基于硅氧烷表面活性剂和泡沫稳定剂混合物的无氟泡沫。系统地研究了泡沫和市售AFFF的关键性能，包括成膜能力，泡沫稳定性和泡沫铺展性。灭火和回燃性能通过小规模测试方法进行评估。结果表明，从AFFF中去除碳氟化合物表面活性剂会明显降低成膜能力，泡沫稳定性，泡沫的扩散性，以及相应的灭火性能。基于短链氟碳表面活性剂的AFFF即使在成膜能力，泡沫稳定性和泡沫散布性方面比常规AFFF稍差的情况下，仍具有出色的灭火和回烧性能。尽管FfreeF无法形成水膜并显示出差的泡沫扩散性，但根据其超高稳定性，它表现出令人满意的灭火性能和最佳回燃性能。这项研究可以为开发环保型消防泡沫提供指导。和泡沫散布比常规AFFF稍差。尽管FfreeF无法形成水膜并显示出差的泡沫扩散性，但根据其超高稳定性，它表现出令人满意的灭火性能和最佳回燃性能。这项研究可以为开发环保型消防泡沫提供指导。和泡沫散布比常规AFFF稍差。尽管FfreeF无法形成水膜并显示出差的泡沫扩散性，但根据其超高稳定性，它表现出令人满意的灭火性能和最佳回燃性能。这项研究可以为开发环保型消防泡沫提供指导。