This study seeks effective ways for managing employees with a high Machiavellian personality in organizations by identifying how to enhance their pro-organizational attitudes (organizational commitment) and behaviors [organizational citizenship behavior (OCB)] through transformational leadership (TFL). Drawing upon the dual-focused model of TFL, we suggest that exerting TFL upon employees high in Machiavellianism involves ethical dilemmas in that individual-focused and group-focused TFL have contrasting effects on leading pro-organizational attitudes/behaviors among these pro-individual employees. Analysis of data from 184 employees working in South Korea shows that Machiavellianism negatively relates to affective commitment, OCB toward the organization (OCB-O), and OCB toward individuals (OCB-I), but positively to continuance commitment. More importantly, the results reveal that group-focused TFL can effectively manage employees high in Machiavellianism by mitigating the negative relations between Machiavellianism and affective commitment and between Machiavellianism and OCB-O. However, individual-focused TFL strengthens these negative relations as well as the negative relation between Machiavellianism and OCB-I. This study thus shows that to lead employees high in Machiavellianism in a pro-organizational direction, group-focused TFL rather than individual-focused TFL needs to be employed.

这项研究通过确定如何通过变革型领导（TFL）来增强他们的组织前态度（组织承诺）和行为[组织公民行为（OCB）]，寻求管理组织中具有马基雅维利个性的员工的有效方法。借鉴TFL的双重关注模型，我们建议将TFL应用于马卡维尔主义主义较高的员工会涉及道德困境，因为以个人为中心和以团队为中心的TFL对这些亲个人员工的领导亲组织态度/行为有相反的影响。对来自在韩国工作的184名员工的数据的分析表明，马基雅维利主义与情感承诺，组织的OCB（OCB-O）和个人的OCB（OCB-I）负相关，而与持续性承诺则呈负相关。更重要的是，结果表明，以团体为中心的TFL可以减轻Machiavellianism与情感承诺之间以及Machiavellianism与OCB-O之间的负面关系，从而有效地管理Machiavellianism较高的员工。但是，以个人为中心的TFL加强了这些负面关系以及Machiavellianism与OCB-1之间的负面关系。因此，这项研究表明，要在组织方向上领导马基雅维主义主义的员工，需要采用以小组为中心的TFL，而不是以个人为中心的TFL。以个人为中心的TFL加强了这些负面关系以及马基雅维利主义与OCB-I之间的负面关系。因此，这项研究表明，要在组织方向上领导马基雅维主义主义的员工，需要采用以小组为中心的TFL，而不是以个人为中心的TFL。以个人为中心的TFL加强了这些负面关系以及马基雅维利主义与OCB-I之间的负面关系。因此，这项研究表明，要在组织方向上领导马基雅维主义主义的员工，需要采用以群体为中心的TFL，而不是以个人为中心的TFL。