Scientific misconduct is believed to be on the increase as the media frequently report dramatic cases. Scientific societies, academies, publishers, and stakeholders in industry are all expressing growing concern. Public opinion and political leaders are consequently becoming skeptical about science as a provider of reliable knowledge. Yet spectacular headline news should not hide pernicious misbehaviors of a different sort which are more difficult to identify but may be even more dangerous for the scientific endeavor. Based on the biomedical research case, this paper addresses these issues. It identifies the procedures set up by stakeholders of research to contain misconduct, and develops hypotheses about how changes in the making of science impact scientific integrity.

人们认为，随着媒体频繁报道严重案件，科学不端行为正在增加。科学协会，学术界，出版商和工业界的利益相关者都表示出越来越大的关注。因此，舆论和政治领袖对科学作为可靠知识的提供者都持怀疑态度。然而，引人入胜的头条新闻不应掩盖其他种类的有害行为，这些行为较难识别，但对科学工作可能更为危险。基于生物医学研究案例，本文解决了这些问题。它确定了研究利益相关者为遏制不当行为而建立的程序，并提出了有关科学制造变化如何影响科学完整性的假设。