‘Angiodiversity’ refers to the structural and functional heterogeneity of endothelial cells (EC) along the segments of the vascular tree and especially within the microvascular beds of different organs. Organotypically differentiated EC ranging from continuous, barrier-forming endothelium to discontinuous, fenestrated endothelium perform organ-specific functions such as the maintenance of the tightly sealed blood–brain barrier or the clearance of macromolecular waste products from the peripheral blood by liver EC-expressed scavenger receptors. The microvascular bed of the liver, composed of discontinuous, fenestrated liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC), is a prime example of organ-specific angiodiversity. Anatomy and development of LSEC have been extensively studied by electron microscopy as well as linage-tracing experiments. Recent advances in cell isolation and bulk transcriptomics or single-cell RNA sequencing techniques allowed the identification of distinct LSEC molecular programs and have led to the identification of LSEC subpopulations. LSEC execute homeostatic functions such as fine tuning the vascular tone, clearing noxious substances from the circulation, and modulating immunoregulatory mechanisms. In recent years, the identification and functional analysis of LSEC-derived angiocrine signals, which control liver homeostasis and disease pathogenesis in an instructive manner, marks a major change of paradigm in the understanding of liver function in health and disease. This review summarizes recent advances in the understanding of liver vascular angiodiversity and the functional consequences resulting thereof.

“血管多样性”是指内皮细胞 (EC) 沿血管树节段的结构和功能异质性，尤其是在不同器官的微血管床内。从连续的、形成屏障的内皮到不连续的、有孔的内皮的器官型分化 EC 执行器官特异性功能，例如维持紧密密封的血脑屏障或通过肝脏 EC 表达的清除剂清除外周血中的大分子废物受体。肝脏的微血管床由不连续的、有孔的肝窦内皮细胞 (LSEC) 组成，是器官特异性血管多样性的主要例子。LSEC 的解剖学和发展已通过电子显微镜和谱系追踪实验进行了广泛的研究。细胞分离和批量转录组学或单细胞 RNA 测序技术的最新进展允许识别不同的 LSEC 分子程序，并导致识别 LSEC 亚群。LSEC 执行稳态功能，例如微调血管张力、清除循环中的有害物质和调节免疫调节机制。近年来，LSEC 衍生的血管分泌信号的识别和功能分析，以指导性的方式控制肝脏稳态和疾病发病机制，标志着对健康和疾病中肝功能的理解范式的重大变化。本综述总结了在理解肝血管血管多样性及其产生的功能后果方面的最新进展。