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The interplay between gaze and consistency in scene viewing: Evidence from visual search by young and older adults
Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics ( IF 1.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-21 , DOI: 10.3758/s13414-021-02242-z
Eunice G. Fernandes , Louise H. Phillips , Gillian Slessor , Benjamin W. Tatler

Searching for an object in a complex scene is influenced by high-level factors such as how much the item would be expected in that setting (semantic consistency). There is also evidence that a person gazing at an object directs our attention towards it. However, there has been little previous research that has helped to understand how we integrate top-down cues such as semantic consistency and gaze to direct attention when searching for an object. Also, there are separate lines of evidence to suggest that older adults may be more influenced by semantic factors and less by gaze cues compared to younger counterparts, but this has not been investigated before in an integrated task. In the current study we analysed eye-movements of 34 younger and 30 older adults as they searched for a target object in complex visual scenes. Younger adults were influenced by semantic consistency in their attention to objects, but were more influenced by gaze cues. In contrast, older adults were more guided by semantic consistency in directing their attention, and showed less influence from gaze cues. These age differences in use of high-level cues were apparent early in processing (time to first fixation and probability of immediate fixation) but not in later processing (total time looking at objects and time to make a response). Overall, this pattern of findings indicates that people are influenced by both social cues and prior expectations when processing a complex scene, and the relative importance of these factors depends on age.



中文翻译:

注视与场景观看一致性之间的相互作用:来自年轻人和老年人的视觉搜索证据

在复杂场景中搜索对象受高级因素的影响,例如在该设置中该项目的期望值(语义一致性)。也有证据表明,一个人凝视着一个物体,将我们的注意力引向该物体。但是,以前很少有研究有助于理解我们如何整合自上而下的提示(例如语义一致性)和注视以在搜索对象时引导注意力。同样,有单独的证据表明,与年轻人相比,老年人可能受语义因素的影响更大,而凝视提示的影响则较小,但这尚未在综合任务中进行过研究。在当前的研究中,我们分析了34位年轻人和30位老年人在复杂视觉场景中寻找目标物体时的眼球运动。年轻人在关注对象时会受到语义一致性的影响,而受注视提示的影响更大。相比之下,老年人在引导注意力时会受到语义一致性的指导,而凝视提示的影响也较小。在使用高级提示时,这些年龄差异在处理的早期(首次固定的时间和立即固定的可能性)就很明显,而在后期的处理中(总的时间在看物体和做出响应的时间)则不明显。总体而言,这种发现模式表明,在处理复杂场景时,人们会受到社交线索和先前期望的影响,而这些因素的相对重要性取决于年龄。老年人在引导注意力时会受到语义一致性的引导,而凝视提示的影响也较小。在使用高级提示时,这些年龄差异在处理的早期(首次固定的时间和立即固定的可能性)就很明显,而在后期的处理中(总的时间在看物体和做出响应的时间)则不明显。总体而言,这种发现模式表明,在处理复杂场景时,人们会受到社交线索和先前期望的影响,而这些因素的相对重要性取决于年龄。老年人在引导注意力时会受到语义一致性的引导,而凝视提示的影响也较小。这些在高级提示中使用的年龄差异在处理的早期(首次固定的时间和立即固定的可能性)就很明显,而在后期的处理中(总的时间在看物体和做出响应的时间)则不明显。总体而言,这种发现模式表明,在处理复杂场景时,人们会受到社交线索和先前期望的影响,而这些因素的相对重要性取决于年龄。在使用高级提示时,这些年龄差异在处理的早期(首次固定的时间和立即固定的可能性)就很明显,而在后期的处理中(总的时间在看物体和做出响应的时间)则不明显。总体而言,这种发现模式表明,在处理复杂场景时,人们会受到社交线索和先前期望的影响,而这些因素的相对重要性取决于年龄。在使用高级提示时,这些年龄差异在处理的早期(首次固定的时间和立即固定的可能性)就很明显,而在后期的处理中(总的时间在看物体和做出响应的时间)则不明显。总体而言,这种发现模式表明,在处理复杂场景时,人们会受到社交线索和先前期望的影响,而这些因素的相对重要性取决于年龄。

更新日期:2021-03-22
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