In machine component design, it is necessary to introduce openings or cut outs to carry out specific service functions such as electrical wiring, piping, and inspection, among others. The introduction of these cut outs results in a high concentration of stress leading to degradation of the component strength, especially under cyclic loading. The geometrical features and orientation of these cut outs relative to the support and the applied loads will also influence the severity of the resulting stress concentration. Of particular interest to this study is the elastic and elasto-plastic behaviour of a cantilever beam containing rectangular, circular or diamond cut outs under plane strain conditions. Four aspects of the work were accordingly examined. The first is concerned with the elasto-plastic load–deflection diagram of the beam containing the cut out features. The second with the finite element predictions of the elastic behaviour and the associated stress concentration factor of the beam in the presence of the cut out features. The third with the elasto-plastic behaviour and etching results showing the remarkable agreement between the two. Finally, in the fourth, we focus our attention to unloading residual stresses. The results offer a complete coverage of the problem and should help in the elasto-plastic design of beams containing stress concentration features.

在机器组件设计中，必须引入开口或切口以执行特定的服务功能，例如电线，管道和检查等。这些切口的引入导致应力的高度集中，导致部件强度的下降，尤其是在循环载荷下。这些切口相对于支撑件的几何特征和方向以及所施加的载荷也将影响所得应力集中的严重程度。该研究特别感兴趣的是在平面应变条件下包含矩形，圆形或菱形切口的悬臂梁的弹性和弹塑性行为。因此，对工作的四个方面进行了审查。第一个与包含剪切特征的梁的弹塑性荷载-挠度图有关。第二个是在存在切出特征的情况下，对梁的弹性行为和相关的应力集中系数进行有限元预测。第三个具有弹塑性行为和蚀刻结果，显示了两者之间的显着一致性。最后，在第四篇中，我们将注意力集中在卸载残余应力上。结果提供了对该问题的完整覆盖，并应有助于包含应力集中特征的梁的弹塑性设计。第三个具有弹塑性行为和蚀刻结果，显示了两者之间的显着一致性。最后，在第四篇中，我们将注意力集中在卸载残余应力上。结果提供了对该问题的完整覆盖，并应有助于包含应力集中特征的梁的弹塑性设计。第三个具有弹塑性行为和蚀刻结果，显示了两者之间的显着一致性。最后，在第四篇中，我们将注意力集中在卸载残余应力上。结果提供了对该问题的完整覆盖，并应有助于包含应力集中特征的梁的弹塑性设计。