The biomarker significance of IL-35, chemokines (CXCL9 and CXCL10) and human beta-defensins (hBD2 and hBD3) was determined in pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) of 105 Iraqi patients; 37 had active disease, 41 had multi-drug resistant (MDR) PTB and 27 had a relapse of TB. A control sample of 79 healthy persons was also included. Serum levels of markers were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Kruskal-Wallis test together with Dunn-Bonferroni post hoc test revealed significance differences between patients and controls in levels of IL-35, CXCL9, CXCL10 and hBD3, while hBD2 showed no significant difference. Receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated that CXCL10 and hBD3 were the most significant markers in predicting TB, particularly active disease. Logistic regression analysis proposed the susceptibility role of CXCL10 in TB. Gender- and age-dependent variations were also observed. Spearman's rank correlation analysis showed different correlations between markers in each group of patients and controls. In conclusion, CXCL10 was up-regulated in serum of TB patients, while hBD3 showed down-regulated level. Both serum proteins are possible candidate biomarkers for evaluation of TB progression, particularly in active disease.

在 105 名伊拉克患者的肺结核 (TB) 中测定了 IL-35、趋化因子（CXCL9 和 CXCL10）和人 β-防御素（hBD2 和 hBD3）的生物标志物意义；37 人患有活动性疾病，41 人患有耐多药 (MDR) PTB，27 人患有结核病复发。还包括 79 名健康人的对照样本。使用酶联免疫吸附测定试剂盒评估血清标志物水平。Kruskal-Wallis 检验和 Dunn-Bonferroni 事后检验显示患者和对照组在 IL-35、CXCL9、CXCL10 和 hBD3 水平方面存在显着差异，而 hBD2 没有显着差异。接受者操作特征分析表明，CXCL10 和 hBD3 是预测 TB，尤其是活动性疾病的最重要标志物。逻辑回归分析提出了 CXCL10 在结核病中的易感性作用。还观察到性别和年龄依赖性变化。Spearman 秩相关分析显示每组患者和对照组的标志物之间存在不同的相关性。总之，CXCL10在TB患者血清中上调，而hBD3呈下调水平。这两种血清蛋白都是评估结核病进展的可能候选生物标志物，特别是在活动性疾病中。