This study aimed to develop a program based on Goal Management Training (GMT) and to investigate its effectiveness on executive functions, through formal instruments and an ecological task. Participants were 25 adolescents with complaints of executive dysfunctions. They underwent neuropsychological assessment of working memory, inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, planning, and intellectual ability. Participants also took part in a cooking activity and were evaluated for errors per action, of omission, activity performance time, recipe consultation. After, they were randomly allocated to an active control group (CG), which underwent psychoeducation sessions, and an experimental group (EG), stimulated through GMT in eight sessions. Then participants underwent another assessment and follow-up after 4 weeks. In post-intervention analyses, results showed an improvement in executive functions in EG, in the working memory measurement and time of the ecological activity (g = 1.78 and .93, respectively), IQ (g = −1.01), reasoning (g = −.89), flexibility (g = −1.21), and inhibition (g = −3.11). In follow-up evaluation, large-size effects were observed on flexibility (g = −2.95), inhibition (g = −5.78) and execution time of the ecological activity (g = .98). Significant interactions between assessment Time x Group revealed EG gains in IQ, scores in reasoning and flexibility. EG also had longer execution time in flexibility and inhibition tests. That is, EG had greater scores and probably was less impulsive in these tests. Furthermore, EG decreased the number of verifications and the time in the ecological task, that is, had a more efficient performance. Results suggest the intervention can be as instrument to promote executive function.

中文翻译：

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制定针对有执行功能障碍投诉的青少年的目标管理培训计划

本研究旨在开发基于目标管理培训 (GMT) 的计划，并通过正式工具和生态任务调查其对执行功能的有效性。参与者是 25 名抱怨执行功能障碍的青少年。他们对工作记忆、抑制控制、认知灵活性、计划和智力能力进行了神经心理学评估。参与者还参加了烹饪活动，并评估了每个动作的错误、遗漏、活动执行时间、食谱咨询。之后，他们被随机分配到一个接受心理教育课程的积极对照组（CG）和一个通过 GMT 进行八次刺激的实验组（EG）。然后参与者在 4 周后接受了另一次评估和随访。在干预后分析中，G= 1.78 和 .93），智商（G= -1.01), 推理 (G= −.89)、灵活性 (G= -1.21）和抑制（G= -3.11)。在后续评估中，观察到大尺寸对灵活性的影响（G= -2.95), 抑制 (G= -5.78) 和生态活动的执行时间 (G= .98)。评估时间 x 组之间的显着相互作用揭示了 EG 在智商、推理和灵活性方面的得分。EG 在灵活性和抑制测试中也有更长的执行时间。也就是说，EG 的分数更高，并且在这些测试中可能不那么冲动。此外，EG减少了生态任务中的验证次数和时间，即具有更高效的性能。结果表明干预可以作为促进执行功能的工具。