A quarter of global oil production comes from offshore fields and about 60% of internationally-traded oil travels by tankers. The relationship between oil, fisheries, and coastal communities is documented primarily through case studies in individual jurisdictions and via the impacts of oil spills. Yet, the implications of oil development for fisheries and coastal communities are much broader. This study provides an extensive review of the effects of oil development in relation to four interconnected themes: 1) the environment, including marine habitats and fish; 2) small-scale fisheries and coastal community livelihoods; 3) coastal and ocean spaces, including disputes over territory and infrastructure; and 4) ocean and coastal governance processes. We map spatial overlaps between the oil sector and small-scale fisheries and point to the frequent displacement of fishers from fishing grounds due to increasing coastal traffic and infrastructure, and the catastrophic effects of oil spills on fisheries and coastal economies. Though the oil sector generally has negative impacts on fisheries livelihoods and coastal communities, these effects and their mechanisms vary across locations, ecosystems, species, and specific activities and groups. Overall, this narrative review provides a comprehensive account of the scholarship to date and points to key themes for future research, including intersections between offshore oil and gender, cross-sectoral governance, and the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 14. Underpinning all of these challenges and potential solutions is a clear need for stronger integration of social and natural science knowledge, perspectives, and tools.

全球石油产量的四分之一来自海上油田，大约60％的国际贸易油轮是由油轮运输的。石油，渔业和沿海社区之间的关系主要通过各个辖区的案例研究以及溢油的影响进行记录。然而，石油开发对渔业和沿海社区的影响要广泛得多。这项研究对与四个相互关联的主题有关的石油开发的影响进行了广泛的综述：1）环境，包括海洋生境和鱼类；2）小型渔业和沿海社区的生计；3）沿海和海洋空间，包括有关领土和基础设施的争议；4）海洋和沿海治理过程。我们绘制了石油部门与小型渔业之间的空间重叠图，并指出由于沿海交通和基础设施的增加，渔民经常从渔场流离失所，以及漏油事件对渔业和沿海经济的灾难性影响。尽管石油部门总体上对渔业生计和沿海社区产生负面影响，但这些影响及其机制在各地，生态系统，物种以及特定活动和群体之间有所不同。总体而言，该叙述性评论全面介绍了迄今为止的奖学金，并指出了未来研究的关键主题，包括海上石油与性别之间的交集，跨部门治理以及实现可持续发展目标14。