In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), various routing protocols have been proposed based on clustering to achieve energy efficiency. The performance of such routing protocols can further be improved by deploying heterogeneous sensor nodes since responsibilities can be divided among different sensor nodes according to their heterogeneity. In this paper, we propose a novel non-uniform hierarchical clustering with dynamic route adjustment scheme, termed as NHCDRA, for heterogeneous WSNs considering two mobile sinks moving around the periphery of the sensor field. NHCDRA divides the sensor field into several non-uniform sized hierarchical clusters. The size of boundary clusters (near to the sink’s mobility path) is kept relatively large to accommodate more number of sensor nodes so that the responsibilities of cluster heads can be rotated efficiently to distribute the load. Furthermore, a set of dynamic route adjustment rules are defined to manage the routing paths as a consequence of mobility of the sinks. These rules reduce the overhead of route adjustment as well as ensure data delivery to the sink in minimal number of hops. Simulation results show that NHCDRA significantly reduces the data delivery delay and improves network lifetime when compared with state-of-the-art.

在无线传感器网络（WSN）中，已经提出了多种基于群集的路由协议，以实现能源效率。由于可以根据不同传感器节点的异构性在不同传感器节点之间划分职责，因此可以通过部署异构传感器节点来进一步提高此类路由协议的性能。在本文中，我们提出了一种新颖的非均匀分层聚类，其具有动态路由调整方案，称为NHCDRA，用于异构WSN，其中考虑了两个围绕传感器区域外围移动的移动接收器。NHCDRA将传感器字段划分为几个大小不一的分层簇。边界群集的大小（靠近接收器的移动路径）保持相对较大，以容纳更多的传感器节点，从而可以有效地旋转群集头的职责以分配负载。此外，由于接收器的移动性，定义了一组动态路由调整规则来管理路由路径。这些规则减少了路由调整的开销，并确保以最小的跳数将数据传递到接收器。仿真结果表明，与最新技术相比，NHCDRA显着减少了数据传递延迟并延长了网络寿命。这些规则减少了路由调整的开销，并确保以最小的跳数将数据传递到接收器。仿真结果表明，与最新技术相比，NHCDRA显着减少了数据传递延迟并延长了网络寿命。这些规则减少了路由调整的开销，并确保以最小的跳数将数据传递到接收器。仿真结果表明，与最新技术相比，NHCDRA显着减少了数据传递延迟并延长了网络寿命。