Agricultural phosphorus (P) losses to surface water bodies remain a global eutrophication concern, despite the application of conservation practices on farm fields. Although it is generally agreed upon that the use of multiple conservation practices (“stacking”) will lead to greater improvements to water quality, this may not be cost effective to farmers, reducing the likelihood of adoption. At present, wholesale recommendations of conservation practices are given; however, the application of specific conservation practices in certain environments (e.g., no-till with surface application, cover crops) may not be effective and can even lead to unintended consequences. In this paper, we present the Lake Erie watershed as a case study. The Lake Erie watershed contains regions with unique physical geographies that include differences in climate, soil, topography, and land use, which have implications for both P transport from agricultural fields and the efficacy of conservation practices in mitigating P losses. We define major regions within the Lake Erie watershed where common strategies for conservation practice implementation are appropriate, and we propose a five-step plan for bringing regionally tailored, adaptive, and cost-conscious conservation practice into watershed planning. Although this paper is specific to the Lake Erie watershed, our framework can be transferred across broader geographic regions to provide guidance for watershed planning.

中文翻译：

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一刀切并不适合所有：针对减少伊利湖流域磷流失风险的区域保护实践指南

尽管在农田上采取了保护措施，但地表水体的农业磷 (P) 损失仍然是全球富营养化问题。虽然人们普遍认为使用多种保护措施（“叠加”）将导致水质的更大改善，但这对农民来说可能不具有成本效益，从而降低了采用的可能性。目前，已经提出了保护措施的批发建议。然而，在某些环境中应用特定的保护措施（例如，免耕地表施用、覆盖作物）可能无效，甚至可能导致意想不到的后果。在本文中，我们将伊利湖流域作为案例研究。伊利湖流域包含具有独特自然地理的区域，包括气候、土壤、地形和土地利用，这对来自农田的磷运输和保护措施在减轻磷损失方面的效力都有影响。我们定义了伊利湖流域内适合实施保护实践的通用策略的主要区域，我们提出了一个五步计划，将区域性、适应性和具有成本意识的保护实践纳入流域规划。尽管本文专门针对伊利湖流域，但我们的框架可以跨更广泛的地理区域转移，为流域规划提供指导。我们定义了伊利湖流域内适合实施保护实践的通用策略的主要区域，我们提出了一个五步计划，将区域性、适应性和具有成本意识的保护实践纳入流域规划。尽管本文专门针对伊利湖流域，但我们的框架可以跨更广泛的地理区域转移，为流域规划提供指导。我们定义了伊利湖流域内适合实施保护实践的通用策略的主要区域，我们提出了一个五步计划，将区域性、适应性和具有成本意识的保护实践纳入流域规划。尽管本文专门针对伊利湖流域，但我们的框架可以跨更广泛的地理区域转移，为流域规划提供指导。