Abstract

Enantiomeric profiling of chiral environmental contaminants is an actual and imperative issue. Despite having similar physicochemical properties, enantiomers may differ in their interactions with enzymes, receptors and other chiral molecules leading to different biological response. Their differences in bio-degradation, transformation or accumulation should be carefully considered when assessing health risks since they can affect living organisms in a different way. This work reviews the behavior of several groups of environmentally relevant chiral contaminants including pharmaceutical compounds, personal care products, perfluoroalkyl substances, brominated flame retardants, pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls and their main metabolites. The enantioselectivity and fate of these compounds in: i) wastewater treatment plants, ii) aquatic and terrestrial environments; and iii) living organisms is discussed. It cannot be predicted whether each specific enantiomer of a chiral compound will be preferably enriched or degraded. The extent of stereoselectivity is associated to several factors, including the specific chiral pollutant, the environmental matrix, the treatment technology used, as well as the season and local environmental factors (pH, soil texture, porosity, organic amended), which are in turn influenced by the activity of the microbial communities. Therefore the environmental fate of enantiomers always needs to be investigated.

摘要

手性环境污染物的对映体分析是一个实际且必要的问题。尽管具有相似的物理化学性质，对映异构体在与酶、受体和其他手性分子的相互作用方面可能不同，从而导致不同的生物反应。在评估健康风险时，应仔细考虑它们在生物降解、转化或积累方面的差异，因为它们会以不同的方式影响生物体。这项工作回顾了几组与环境相关的手性污染物的行为，包括药物化合物、个人护理产品、全氟烷基物质、溴化阻燃剂、杀虫剂和多氯联苯及其主要代谢物。这些化合物在以下方面的对映选择性和命运： i) 废水处理厂，ii) 水生和陆地环境；iii) 讨论了活的有机体。无法预测手性化合物的每个特定对映异构体是否会优选富集或降解。立体选择性的程度与几个因素有关，包括特定的手性污染物、环境基质、使用的处理技术，以及季节和当地的环境因素（pH、土壤质地、孔隙度、有机物改良），这些因素依次受微生物群落活动的影响。因此，总是需要研究对映异构体的环境归宿。立体选择性的程度与几个因素有关，包括特定的手性污染物、环境基质、使用的处理技术，以及季节和当地的环境因素（pH、土壤质地、孔隙度、有机物改良），这些因素依次受微生物群落活动的影响。因此，总是需要研究对映异构体的环境归宿。立体选择性的程度与几个因素有关，包括特定的手性污染物、环境基质、使用的处理技术，以及季节和当地的环境因素（pH、土壤质地、孔隙度、有机物改良），这些因素依次受微生物群落活动的影响。因此，总是需要研究对映异构体的环境归宿。