Heterogeneity in development of imbalance between impulse control and sensation seeking has not been studied until now. The present study scrutinized this heterogeneity and the link between imbalance and adolescent risk. Seven-wave data of 7,558 youth (50.71% males; age range from 12/13 until 24/25) were used. Three developmental trajectories were identified. The first trajectory, “sensation seeking to balanced sensation seeking”, included participants with a higher level of sensation seeking than impulse control across all ages. The second trajectory, “moderate dominant control”, included participants showing moderate and increasing impulse control relative to sensation seeking across all ages. The third trajectory, “strong late dominant control”, included participants showing the highest level of impulse control which was about as strong as sensation seeking from early to middle adolescence and became substantially stronger from late adolescence to early adulthood. Although the systematic increase of impulse control in all subgroups is in line with both models, neither of these combined trajectories of control and sensation seeking was predicted by the Dual Systems Model or the Maturational Imbalance Model. Consistent with both models the “sensation seeking to balanced sensation seeking” trajectory showed the highest level of substance use. It can be concluded that, even though both theories adequately predict the link between imbalance and risk, neither the Dual Systems Model nor the Maturational Imbalance Model correctly predict the heterogeneity in development of imbalance between impulse control and sensation seeking.

到目前为止，尚未研究冲动控制和感觉寻求之间的不平衡发展中的异质性。本研究仔细研究了这种异质性以及失衡与青少年风险之间的联系。使用了7波青年数据，共7,558名青年（男性占50.71％；年龄范围从12/13到24/25）。确定了三个发展轨迹。第一条轨迹是“寻求平衡感官的感觉”，其参与者在各个年龄段的感觉寻求程度都高于冲动控制。第二种轨迹是“中度优势控制”，参与者表现出相对于各个年龄段寻求感觉的中度和不断增长的冲动控制。第三个轨迹，“强大的后期主导控制”，参与者表现出最高的冲动控制水平，与从青春期早期到中期的寻求感觉一样强烈，从青春期晚期到成年早期逐渐增强。尽管所有亚组中冲动控制的系统性增加都符合这两种模型，但是双重系统模型或成熟不平衡模型都无法预测控制和感觉寻求的这些组合轨迹。与这两种模型一致，“寻求平衡的感觉”轨迹显示了最高水平的物质使用。可以得出结论，即使两种理论都充分预测了失衡与风险之间的联系，