Olive cultivation tends to adopt new planting density and pruning systems in domestic olive types in Turkey. The effect of different planting densities and pruning types on the changes of some endogenous plant hormones in shoot tips and flowering in ‘Gemlik’ olive cultivar was studied. The two-year-old seedlings were planted at 5 × 5 m, 4 × 3 m and 4 × 1.5 m densities, and were pruned as either open vase or vertical axe styles in addition to unpruned control. The shoots were taken monthly during the two successive years for hormone analysis. The levels of ABA, IAA, GA₃ and Z were determined in the shoot tips. GA₃ was determined to be the highest on each month whereas Z was the lowest in shoot tip samples at most of the sampling dates. Pruning types affected ABA, GA₃ and IAA, but not Z levels. Planting densities had significant effect on endogenous ABA and GA₃ content. There were important differences among monthly levels of ABA, GA₃, IAA, and Z. In the first year, IAA and Z content in shoot tips were higher than that of in the second year, whereas ABA level was lower in the first year. GA₃ was not changed in both years. Results show that planting density, pruning style, and monthly and yearly changes in endogenous level of hormones in shoot tips play significant effect on phenological development and flowering in ‘Gemlik olive’ cultivar. High planting density reduced juvenility period and induced flower formation in olive.

在土耳其，国产橄榄类型倾向于采用新的种植密度和修剪系统进行橄榄种植。研究了不同种植密度和修剪类型对'Gemlik'橄榄品种茎尖和开花的某些内源植物激素变化的影响。两岁的幼苗以5×5 m，4×3 m和4×1.5 m的密度种植，除未修剪的对照外，修剪成开放花瓶或垂直斧头的样式。连续两年每月进行一次芽苗进行激素分析。在梢中确定ABA，IAA，GA ₃和Z的水平。在大多数采样日期中，GA ₃被确定为每月最高，而Z则在茎尖样品中最低。修剪类型影响ABA，GA ₃和IAA，但不包括Z级。种植密度对内源ABA和GA ₃含量有显着影响。ABA，GA ₃，IAA和Z的每月含量之间存在重要差异。第一年，枝条中的IAA和Z含量高于第二年，而ABA含量则低于第一年。GA ₃两年均未更改。结果表明，种植密度，修剪方式以及茎尖内源激素水平的逐月和逐年变化对“ Gemlik橄榄”品种的物候发育和开花均具有显着影响。高种植密度减少了橄榄的幼年期并诱导了花的形成。