Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common mental health condition that requires exposure to a traumatic event. This provides unique opportunities for prevention that are not available for other disorders. The aim of this review was to undertake a systematic review and evaluation of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of interventions designed to prevent PTSD in adults. Searches involving Cochrane, Embase, Medline, PsycINFO, PILOTS and Pubmed databases were undertaken to identify RCTs of pre-incident preparedness and post-incident interventions until May 2019. Six pre-incident and 69 post-incident trials were identified that could be included in meta-analyses. The overall quality of the evidence was low. There was emerging evidence that some interventions may be helpful but an absence of evidence for any intervention that can be strongly recommended for universal, selected or indicated prevention before or within the first three months of a traumatic event. The strongest results were found for cognitive-behavioural therapy with a trauma focus (CBT-T) in individuals with a diagnosis of acute stress disorder which supports calls to detect and treat individuals with significant symptoms rather than providing blanket preventative interventions. Further research is required to optimally configure existing interventions with some evidence of effect and to develop novel interventions to address this major public health issue.

创伤后应激障碍 (PTSD) 是一种常见的心理健康状况，需要接触创伤性事件。这提供了其他疾病无法获得的独特预防机会。本综述的目的是对旨在预防成人 PTSD 的干预措施的随机对照试验 (RCT) 进行系统评价和评估。进行了涉及 Cochrane、Embase、Medline、PsycINFO、PILOTS 和 Pubmed 数据库的搜索，以确定截至 2019 年 5 月的事前准备和事后干预的随机对照试验。确定了 6 项事前试验和 69 项事后试验，可以纳入元分析。证据的总体质量很低。新出现的证据表明，某些干预措施可能有帮助，但没有证据表明任何干预措施都可以强烈推荐用于在创伤事件发生前或前三个月内进行普遍、选择性或指示性预防。在诊断为急性应激障碍的个体中，针对具有创伤焦点的认知行为疗法 (CBT-T) 发现了最强的结果，该疗法支持检测和治疗具有显着症状的个体的呼吁，而不是提供全面的预防性干预措施。需要进一步研究以最佳方式配置现有干预措施和一些效果证据，并开发新的干预措施来解决这一主要的公共卫生问题。在诊断为急性应激障碍的个体中，针对具有创伤焦点的认知行为疗法 (CBT-T) 发现了最强的结果，该疗法支持检测和治疗具有显着症状的个体的呼吁，而不是提供全面的预防性干预措施。需要进一步研究以最佳方式配置现有干预措施和一些效果证据，并开发新的干预措施来解决这一主要的公共卫生问题。在诊断为急性应激障碍的个体中，针对具有创伤焦点的认知行为疗法 (CBT-T) 发现了最强的结果，该疗法支持检测和治疗具有显着症状的个体的呼吁，而不是提供全面的预防性干预措施。需要进一步研究以最佳方式配置现有干预措施和一些效果证据，并开发新的干预措施来解决这一重大公共卫生问题。