Over the past few years, neuroimaging studies have been performed in young adults with perinatally acquired HIV (PHIV) to study the impact of HIV infection on the central nervous system (CNS), but no recent review have been published. This review aims to identify brain areas where PHIV eems to have greater impact taking into account demographic, behavioral, and clinical characteristics in PHIV infected patients. For this purpose, PubMed and Medline searches were carried out which included studies from 2010 to April 2020. We performed a systematic review and included 26 articles using structural (brain morphometry and diffusion tensor imaging) and functional magnetic resonance imaging methods involving 1182 PHIV-infected participants. Ample evidence has been provided of HIV effects on underlying brain structure. However, information recorded in the studies is commonly incomplete and results sometimes contradictory. In addition to future improvements and dissemination of tools for the developing brain MRI processing and analysis, the inclusion of data related to HIV infection itself (including clinical and immunovirological characteristics as well as detailed information about antiretroviral treatment such as age at ART initiation) may be of vital importance to the better understanding of the impact of the disease on CNS.

中文翻译：

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围产期 HIV 感染者磁共振成像研究的系统评价。

在过去的几年中，已经对患有围产期获得性 HIV (PHIV) 的年轻成年人进行了神经影像学研究，以研究 HIV 感染对中枢神经系统 (CNS) 的影响，但最近没有发表评论。本综述旨在确定 PHIV 似乎具有更大影响的大脑区域，同时考虑到 PHIV 感染患者的人口统计学、行为和临床特征。为此，进行了 PubMed 和 Medline 搜索，其中包括 2010 年至 2020 年 4 月的研究。我们进行了系统回顾，并纳入了 26 篇使用结构（脑形态测量和扩散张量成像）和功能磁共振成像方法的文章，涉及 1182 名 PHIV 感染者参与者。已经提供了充分的证据表明 HIV 对潜在的大脑结构有影响。然而，研究中记录的信息通常不完整，结果有时相互矛盾。除了未来改进和传播用于开发脑部 MRI 处理和分析的工具外，还可能包含与 HIV 感染本身相关的数据（包括临床和免疫病毒学特征以及有关抗逆转录病毒治疗的详细信息，例如 ART 开始时的年龄）对于更好地了解该疾病对 CNS 的影响至关重要。