Loan book management is important to community credit union survival, particularly in deprived localities. Consistent with agency theory, prior studies of credit unions report an association among individual monitoring mechanisms, trade association monitoring, and female board representation, respectively, and reduced loan losses. This study provides a more nuanced understanding by investigating the moderating influence of these monitoring mechanisms on the relationship between loan losses and deprivation and by considering the effect of bundle combinations of different levels of the two monitoring mechanisms on loan losses. The results reveal that credit unions subject to trade association monitoring have the lowest loan losses. However, in the absence of trade association monitoring, female board representation has a moderating effect on loan losses as deprivation increases. Finally, trade association monitoring and female board representation have a substitutive, rather than a complementary effect on loan losses.

贷款簿管理对于社区信用社的生存至关重要，特别是在贫困地区。与代理理论一致，信用合作社的先前研究报告说，个人监控机制，行业协会监控和女性董事会代表之间的关联分别减少了贷款损失。通过研究这些监控机制对贷款损失与剥夺之间关系的调节作用，并考虑两种监控机制的不同组合捆绑对贷款损失的影响，本研究提供了更细微的了解。结果表明，受行业协会监督的信用合作社的贷款损失最低。但是，由于缺乏行业协会的监督，随着剥夺的增加，女性董事会代表对贷款损失产生了适度的影响。最后，行业协会监督和女性董事会代表对贷款损失具有替代作用，而不是互补作用。