Diversion programs connect individuals to treatment instead of criminal sanctions and are used more frequently to address substance use. This systematic scoping review included 31 published empirical studies to examine evaluations of diversion programs that address substance use and misuse. We assessed the program characteristics and implementation settings, as well as the outcomes measured and study methods used. We identified five prevalent study outcomes categories: (a) Service utilization (program retention and completion), (b) Recidivism/criminality, (c) Substance use, (d) Psychosocial functioning, and (e) Other outcomes (e.g., trauma, quality of life, and housing). Findings demonstrated limited but promising evidence for improvements in recidivism, substance use, and psychosocial outcomes. The limited evidence may be partly due to heterogeneity in diversion program implementation, study designs used, and differences among subpopulations. Most studies examined postbooking diversion programs; therefore, further examination of alternative approaches such as prebooking diversion programs is needed to fully understand diversion program impacts.

转移计划将个人与治疗联系起来，而不是刑事制裁，并且被更频繁地用于解决物质使用问题。这项系统的范围界定审查包括31项已发表的实证研究，以审查对涉及物质使用和滥用的转移计划的评估。我们评估了计划的特征和实施设置，以及所测得的成果和所使用的研究方法。我们确定了五种普遍的研究结果类别：（a）服务利用（计划保留和完成），（b）累犯/犯罪，（c）物质使用，（d）社会心理功能，以及（e）其他结果（例如，创伤，生活质量和住房）。研究结果表明，累犯，药物滥用和社会心理状况得到改善的证据有限，但很有希望。有限的证据可能部分归因于转移计划实施中的异质性，所使用的研究设计以及亚种群之间的差异。大多数研究检查了预订后的改道计划。因此，需要进一步研究替代方法，例如预先预订改道计划，以充分了解改道计划的影响。