The main physicochemical traits of almond kernel were determined in 26 selected local almond [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb, syn. P. amygdalus (L.) Batsch] seedlings grown in four localities under two different agro-ecological systems, Mountains (Al-Hoceima and Azilal) and oasis ecosystem (Agdez and Skoura). Nut and kernel weight varied widely among genotypes, year and population. Most genotypes exhibited small to intermediate kernel weight, ranging from 0.9 to 1.4 g. All these genotypes are hard shelled with shelling percentages lower than 25%. Kernels produced at Agdez and Skoura (oasis ecosystems) are slightly heavier than those of other localities (mountains regions). Natural variability was observed among genotypes for oil content, ranging from 50 to 61% on a dry weight (DW) basis. For protein content, the value varied between 18.24 and 29.16% DW. The year effect was significant on oil and protein content. In agreement with the oil content, the protein content of the kernels produced in oasis ecosystem [Agdez (24.84% DW) and Skoura (24.58 DW)] was higher than those collected in mountain regions [Azilal (22.35% DW) and Al-Hoceima (22.54% DW)]. The analysis of fatty acids demonstrated a significant variability among genotypes for palmitoleic (5.49–7.53%), palmitic (0.35–0.64%), stearic (1.42–2.80%), oleic (61.55–76.68%) and linoleic (13.58–27.7%) acid percentages with a significant year effect. Over the two studied years, the oleic acid was higher and the linoleic acid was lower in kernels of almond grown under oasis ecosystem than in those from mountains regions. The high quality of almond kernel produced in oasis ecosystem could be due to the favourable oasis micro-climate and to the periodic supply of water and nitrogen to the underlying crops that are inter-planted with almond; however in the mountains regions, the almond is grown under drought conditions without any supplemental irrigation or technical support.

在26个选定的当地杏仁中确定了杏仁仁的主要理化特性[ Prunus dulcis（Mill。）DA Webb，syn 。扁桃体（L.）Batsch]在两个不同的农业生态系统中的四个地方（山（Al-Hoceima和Azilal）和绿洲生态系统（Agdez和Skoura））生长的幼苗。坚果和仁的重量在基因型，年份和种群之间差异很大。大多数基因型表现出小至中等的谷粒重量，范围为0.9至1.4 g。所有这些基因型都是硬壳的，脱壳百分比低于25％。Agdez和Skoura（绿洲生态系统）生产的仁比其他地方（山区）的仁稍重。在基因型中，油含量的自然变异性在干重（DW）的基础上为50％至61％。对于蛋白质含量，该值在18.24％和29.16％DW之间变化。年效应对油和蛋白质含量具有显着影响。与含油量一致，绿洲生态系统[Agdez（24.84％DW）和Skoura（24.58 DW）]中产生的籽粒的蛋白质含量高于山区[Azilal（22.35％DW）和Al-Hoceima（22.54％DW）]。脂肪酸分析显示棕榈油酸（5.49–7.53％），棕榈酸（0.35–0.64％），硬脂酸（1.42–2.80％），油酸（61.55–76.68％）和亚油酸（13.58–27.7％）的基因型之间存在显着差异。 ）的酸百分比，对年份产生重大影响。在这两年的研究中，与山区相比，在绿洲生态系统下种植的杏仁仁中的油酸含量较高，而亚油酸含量较低。绿洲生态系统中生产的杏仁仁品质高，可能是由于有利的绿洲微气候以及定期向与杏仁间种的基础作物提供水和氮的缘故。