Optical tweezers and associated manipulation tools in the far field have had a major impact on scientific and engineering research by offering precise manipulation of small objects. More recently, the possibility of performing manipulation with surface plasmons has opened opportunities not feasible with conventional far-field optical methods. The use of surface plasmon techniques enables excitation of hotspots much smaller than the free-space wavelength; with this confinement, the plasmonic field facilitates trapping of various nanostructures and materials with higher precision. The successful manipulation of small particles has fostered numerous and expanding applications. In this paper, we review the principles of and developments in plasmonic tweezers techniques, including both nanostructure-assisted platforms and structureless systems. Construction methods and evaluation criteria of the techniques are presented, aiming to provide a guide for the design and optimization of the systems. The most common novel applications of plasmonic tweezers, namely, sorting and transport, sensing and imaging, and especially those in a biological context, are critically discussed. Finally, we consider the future of the development and new potential applications of this technique and discuss prospects for its impact on science.

通过提供对小物体的精确操作，远场中的光镊和相关操作工具对科学和工程研究产生了重大影响。最近，使用表面等离子体进行操作的可能性打开了传统远场光学方法无法实现的机会。使用表面等离子体技术可以激发比自由空间波长小得多的热点；通过这种限制，等离子体场有助于以更高的精度捕获各种纳米结构和材料。小颗粒的成功操纵促进了众多和不断扩大的应用。在本文中，我们回顾了等离子体镊子技术的原理和发展，包括纳米结构辅助平台和无结构系统。给出了该技术的构建方法和评价标准，旨在为系统的设计和优化提供指导。批判性地讨论了等离子体镊子最常见的新应用，即分类和传输、传感和成像，尤其是在生物学背景下的应用。最后，我们考虑了这项技术的发展前景和新的潜在应用，并讨论了它对科学的影响前景。