Abstract

Coexistence of sympatric felids is facilitated by mutual avoidance and the partitioning of habitats, prey, and time. Anthropogenic disturbances disrupt this coexistence in fragmented landscapes, potentially triggering cascading influences in ecological communities. We used photographic data from 8,717 trap nights (November 2014–June 2016) at 87 camera trap sites in Colombia’s middle Magdalena River basin to compare spatiotemporal overlap among jaguars (Panthera onca), pumas (Puma concolor), their prey, and humans, at sites of high and low disturbance, as determined by the human influence index. Human disturbance events (e.g., domestic dogs, livestock, and humans, including armed hunters) comprised 38% of all photographs at high disturbance sites and 29% of all photographs at low disturbance sites. Differential spatiotemporal overlaps were recorded between felids and their prey at high versus low disturbance sites, with jaguars exhibiting only 13% temporal overlap with humans at high disturbance sites. Among prey, temporal overlap was greater than spatial overlap for both felids across the study area. Compared to jaguars, pumas displayed more temporal overlap with all anthropogenic variables and more spatial overlap with most anthropogenic variables, suggesting lesser sensitivity to human disturbances. This study provides the first insights into the responses of a threatened large carnivore, jaguar, to camera trap-derived human disturbance variables in an unprotected landscape. It also highlights the importance of using multiple disturbance types for evaluating human impacts on large carnivores.

中文翻译：

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美洲虎和美洲狮对哥伦比亚最受威胁的生态区的人为干扰表现出独特的时空响应

摘要

相互避让以及栖息地，猎物和时间的划分有助于同伴猫科动物的共存。人为干扰扰乱了零散景观中的这种共存，有可能在生态社区中引发连锁反应。我们在哥伦比亚的马格达莱纳中部流域87个相机陷阱网站使用从8,717陷阱之夜（2014年11月- 2016年6月）的摄影数据进行时空重叠比较美洲虎（中豹onca），美洲狮（彪马长臂猿），它们的猎物和人类在高低干扰的地点（由人类影响指数决定）。人为干扰事件（例如，家犬，牲畜和人类，包括武装猎人）在高干扰地点的所有照片中占38％，在低干扰地点的所有照片中占29％。在高干扰地点与低干扰地点，猫和它们的猎物之间存在时空重叠差异，美洲虎在高干扰部位与人类的时空重叠仅为13％。在猎物中，整个研究区域的两只猫的时间重叠大于空间重叠。与美洲虎相比，美洲狮在所有人为变量上显示出更多的时间重叠，而在大多数人为变量上显示出更多的空间重叠，表明对人为干扰的敏感性较低。这项研究提供了对未保护景观中受威胁的大型食肉动物美洲虎对摄像机诱集的人为干扰变量的响应的第一个见解。它还强调了使用多种干扰类型来评估人类对大型食肉动物的影响的重要性。