Extreme weather events can significantly affect beef cow production. For example, unfavorable weather conditions deteriorate pasture quality and reduce pasture growth, forcing livestock producers to use high-cost alternative feedstuffs, which consequently increases production costs. Extreme weather may also reduce overall animal performance, including decreased feed gain efficiency, and breeding performance. By exploiting seasonal weather changes and using 67 years of state-level beef cow inventories, we estimate the impact of weather on cow-calf production throughout 25 states in the United States. Results suggest that the U.S. cow-calf industry is sensitive to changes in seasonal temperature. Results of an out-of-sample prediction using rolling window assessments prove that adding seasonal weather information to the forecasting model improves the prediction accuracy of state-level beef cow inventories. Investigating the effects of seasonal temperature and precipitation on cow-calf production will enhance the management and future production planning. [EconLit Citations: Q11].

中文翻译：

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天气对美国牛犊生产的影响：长期面板分析

极端天气事件会显着影响肉牛的生产。例如，不利的天气条件会降低牧草质量并减少牧草生长，迫使牲畜生产者使用高成本的替代饲料，从而增加生产成本。极端天气也可能降低动物的整体性能，包括降低饲料增益效率和繁殖性能。通过利用季节性天气变化并使用 67 年的州级肉牛库存，我们估计了天气对美国 25 个州的牛犊生产的影响。结果表明，美国牛犊产业对季节性温度的变化很敏感。使用滚动窗口评估的样本外预测结果证明，将季节性天气信息添加到预测模型中可以提高州级肉牛库存的预测准确性。调查季节性温度和降水对牛犊生产的影响将加强管理和未来的生产计划。[EconLit 引文：Q11]。