The global outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still threatening human health, economy, and social life worldwide. As a counteraction for this devastating disease, a number of vaccines are being developed with unprecedented speed combined with new technologies. As COVID-19 vaccines are being developed in the absence of a licensed human coronavirus vaccine, there remain further questions regarding the long-term efficacy and safety of the vaccines, as well as immunological mechanisms in depth. This review article discusses the current status of COVID-19 vaccine development, mainly focusing on antigen design, clinical trials in later stages, and immunological considerations for further study.

中文翻译：

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COVID-19疫苗开发现状：重点关注抗原设计和后期临床试验。


2019年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）在全球爆发，仍然威胁着全世界人类健康、经济和社会生活。为了对抗这种毁灭性的疾病，许多疫苗正在以前所未有的速度与新技术结合起来开发。由于 COVID-19 疫苗是在没有获得许可的人类冠状病毒疫苗的情况下开发的，因此关于疫苗的长期有效性和安全性以及深入的免疫机制仍存在进一步的问题。本文讨论了COVID-19疫苗开发的现状，主要关注抗原设计、后期临床试验以及进一步研究的免疫学考虑。