The global outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still threatening human health, economy, and social life worldwide. As a counteraction for this devastating disease, a number of vaccines are being developed with unprecedented speed combined with new technologies. As COVID-19 vaccines are being developed in the absence of a licensed human coronavirus vaccine, there remain further questions regarding the long-term efficacy and safety of the vaccines, as well as immunological mechanisms in depth. This review article discusses the current status of COVID-19 vaccine development, mainly focusing on antigen design, clinical trials in later stages, and immunological considerations for further study.

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COVID-19疫苗开发的当前状态：在后期阶段着重于抗原设计和临床试验。

2019年全球冠状病毒疾病暴发（COVID-19）仍在威胁着全球人类健康，经济和社会生活。作为对付这种毁灭性疾病的对策，正在以前所未有的速度结合新技术开发出许多疫苗。由于在没有获得许可的人冠状病毒疫苗的情况下正在开发COVID-19疫苗，因此关于疫苗的长期效力和安全性以及深入的免疫学机制仍存在进一步的疑问。这篇综述文章讨论了COVID-19疫苗开发的现状，主要侧重于抗原设计，后期临床试验以及需要进一步研究的免疫学方面的考虑。