Synaptic vesicles, which are endogenous to neurotransmitters, are involved in exocytosis by active potentials and release neurotransmitters. Synaptic vesicles used in neurotransmitter release are reused via endocytosis to maintain a pool of synaptic vesicles. Synaptic vesicles show different types of exo- and endocytosis depending on animal species, type of nerve cell, and electrical activity. To accurately understand the dynamics of synaptic vesicles, direct observation of synaptic vesicles is required; however, it was difficult to observe synaptic vesicles of size 40–50 nm in living neurons. The exo-and endocytosis of synaptic vesicles was confirmed by labeling the vesicles with a fluorescent agent and measuring the changes in fluorescence intensity. To date, various methods of labeling synaptic vesicles have been proposed, and each method has its own characteristics, strength, and drawbacks. In this study, we introduce methods that can measure presynaptic activity and describe the characteristics of each technique.

中文翻译：

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用荧光探针测量突触前功能的方法

神经递质内源的突触囊泡通过活跃的电位参与胞吐作用并释放神经递质。用于神经递质释放的突触小泡可通过胞吞作用重新使用，以维持突触小泡池。突触小泡根据动物种类，神经细胞类型和电活动而显示出不同类型的胞吐和胞吞作用。为了准确了解突触小泡的动力学，需要直接观察突触小泡。然而，在活的神经元中很难观察到40–50 nm大小的突触小泡。通过用荧光剂标记囊泡并测量荧光强度的变化来确认突触囊泡的胞外和内吞作用。迄今为止，已经提出了各种标记突触小泡的方法，每种方法都有其自身的特点，优势和劣势。在这项研究中，我们介绍了可以测量突触前活动并描述每种技术特征的方法。