Disability is a vital public health issue for health care programs. Affluent countries usually prioritize disability-related research, while often it remains neglected in resource-poor countries like Nepal. The aim of this study was to make available a translated and culturally adapted version of the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0) for measuring disability in the Nepalese population. WHODAS 2.0 (12-items version) was translated into Nepali using a standard forward–backward translation protocol. Purposive and convenience recruitment of participants with psychiatric disabilities was done at the Psychiatry services in a tertiary care hospital. Age and gender-matched participants with physical disabilities were selected from the Internal Medicine department, and participants with no disability were recruited from their accompanying persons. A structured interview in Nepali including the translated WHODAS 2.0 was administered to all participants. Exploratory factor analysis and parallel analysis assessed the construct validity. Content validity was explored, and a quality of life instrument was used for establishing criterion validity. Reliability was measured via Cronbach alpha. Mann–Whitney test explored score differences between the disabled and non-disabled. In total, 149 persons [mean age: 40.6 (12.8); 43.6% males, 56.4% females; 61.7% disabled, 38.3% non-disabled] consented to participate. Parallel analysis indicated that a single factor was adequate for the Nepali WHODAS version that captured 45.4% of the total variance. The translated scale got a good Cronbach alpha (= 0.89). Satisfactory construct, content and criterion validity was found. The WHODAS total scores showed a significant difference between the disabled and non-disabled (U = 2002.5; p = 0.015). However, the difference between psychiatric and physical disabilities was not significant, which underscores that the scale is rating disability in general. The one-factor structure of the translated and culturally adapted Nepali-version of WHODAS 2.0 showed acceptable validity and an adequate reliability. For epidemiological research purposes, this version of WHODAS 2.0 is now available for measuring global disability in Nepal.

中文翻译：

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适应尼泊尔的世界卫生组织残疾评估时间表2.0

残疾是卫生保健计划中至关重要的公共卫生问题。富裕国家通常优先考虑与残疾相关的研究，而在尼泊尔等资源匮乏的国家，却常常被忽视。这项研究的目的是提供世界卫生组织《残疾评估表2.0》（WHODAS 2.0）的翻译版本和文化适应版本，以测量尼泊尔人口中的残疾。WHODAS 2.0（12个项目）使用标准的向前-向后翻译协议翻译成尼泊尔语。在一家三级护理医院的精神病学服务处对精神障碍患者进行了有目的性和便利性的招募。年龄和性别相匹配的肢体残疾参与者选自内科，并从陪同人员中招募了无残障人士。对所有参与者进行了尼泊尔语的结构化采访，包括经翻译的WHODAS 2.0。探索性因素分析和平行分析评估了结构的有效性。探索了内容效度，并使用生活质量工具建立标准效度。可靠性通过Cronbach alpha进行测量。曼恩·惠特尼（Mann-Whitney）测试探讨了残疾人和非残疾人之间的得分差异。共有149人[平均年龄：40.6（12.8）；男性43.6％，女性56.4％; 61.7％的残疾人，38.3％的非残疾人]同意参加。并行分析表明，单个因素足以满足尼泊尔WHODAS版本的要求，该版本占据了总方差的45.4％。转换后的音阶具有良好的Cronbach alpha（= 0.89）。发现令人满意的结构，内容和标准有效性。WHODAS总分显示残疾人和非残疾人之间存在显着差异（U = 2002.5； p = 0.015）。但是，精神残疾和身体残疾之间的差异并不显着，这突显了该量表通常是对残疾进行评级。经翻译和文化适应的WHODAS 2.0尼泊尔语版本的单因素结构显示出可接受的有效性和足够的可靠性。出于流行病学研究目的，此版本的WHODAS 2.0现在可用于测量尼泊尔的全球残疾状况。精神残疾和身体残疾之间的差异并不显着，这突显了该量表通常是对残疾进行评级。经翻译和文化适应的WHODAS 2.0尼泊尔语版本的单因素结构显示出可接受的有效性和足够的可靠性。出于流行病学研究目的，此版本的WHODAS 2.0现在可用于衡量尼泊尔的全球残疾状况。精神残疾和身体残疾之间的差异并不显着，这突显了该量表通常是对残疾进行评级。经翻译和文化适应的WHODAS 2.0尼泊尔语版本的单因素结构显示出可接受的有效性和足够的可靠性。出于流行病学研究目的，此版本的WHODAS 2.0现在可用于衡量尼泊尔的全球残疾状况。