Abstract

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a common condition that is induced by acid and pepsin causing lesions in the mucosa of the duodenum and stomach. The pathogenesis of PUD is a many-sided scenario, which involves an imbalance between protective factors, such as prostaglandins, blood flow, and cell renewal, and aggressive ones, like alcohol abuse, smoking, Helicobacter pylori colonisation, and the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The standard oral treatment is well established; however, several problems can decrease the success of this therapy, such as drug degradation in the gastric environment, low oral bioavailability, and lack of vectorisation to the target site. In this way, the use of strategies to improve the effectiveness of these conventional drugs becomes interesting. Currently, the use of drug delivery systems is being explored as an option to improve the drug therapy limitations, such as antimicrobial resistance, low bioavailability, molecule degradation in an acid environment, and low concentration of the drug at the site of action. This article provides a review of oral drug delivery systems looking for improving the treatment of PUD.

摘要

消化性溃疡病 (PUD) 是一种由酸和胃蛋白酶引起的常见疾病，会导致十二指肠和胃粘膜损伤。PUD 的发病机制是多方面的，其中涉及保护性因素（如前列腺素、血流和细胞更新）与侵袭性因素（如酗酒、吸烟、幽门螺杆菌）之间的不平衡定植和使用非甾体抗炎药。标准的口腔治疗已经确立；然而，一些问题可能会降低这种治疗的成功率，例如药物在胃环境中的降解、口服生物利用度低以及缺乏对靶位点的矢量化。通过这种方式，使用策略来提高这些常规药物的有效性变得有趣。目前，正在探索使用药物递送系统作为改善药物治疗局限性的一种选择，例如抗菌素耐药性、低生物利用度、酸性环境中的分子降解以及作用部位的药物浓度低。本文综述了寻求改善 PUD 治疗的口服给药系统。