ABSTRACT

In Egypt, the total area of agricultural land is 3.36 million acres, which is 3.8% of the country entire territory. One of the main obstacles to agricultural production in Egypt is soil salinization and degradation. Therefore, saline-sodic soil reclamation in arid regions is highly relevant. This study aimed to use Azospirillum inoculation with eco-friendly organic wastes for free remediation of saline-sodic soils. In this work, nine treatments included two levels of spent grain (S1 and S2), two levels of compost (C1 and C2), a mix of both sources (C1S1), Azospirillum (A1), a mix of both sources with Azospirillum (A1S1 and A1C1) and untreated control. The treatments were previously incubated with soil at field capacity for five months under laboratory conditions at 28°C. The most relevant chemical and biological parameters were analyzed every month for five months. Results indicate that Azospirillum inoculation with spent grain increased soil organic carbon (TOC), dehydrogenase and urease enzymes, micro-nutrients iron (Fe²⁺), zinc (Zn²⁺), manganese (Mn²⁺), copper (Cu²⁺), and boron (B⁺), and macro-nutrients nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K); while decreased exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), pH and EC, by 75%, 12%, and 43% respectively, compared to initial conditions. A significant variation was observed in chemical and biological properties among all treatments in the order of S2 ≥ A1S1> A1 > C2 > C1S1 > A1C1 > C1 > control > initial. In conclusion, the addition of Azospirillum with the spent grain is highly recommended for the saline-sodic soil amelioration. It is more effective than compost to remediate and enhance saline-sodic soils fertility.

摘要

在埃及，农业用地总面积为336万英亩，占全国国土面积的3.8%。埃及农业生产的主要障碍之一是土壤盐渍化和退化。因此，干旱地区的盐碱地复垦具有高度相关性。本研究旨在使用固氮螺菌接种生态友好的有机废物对盐碱地土壤进行免费修复。在这项工作中，九个处理包括两个级别的谷物（S1 和 S2）、两个级别的堆肥（C1 和 C2）、两种来源的混合（C1S1）、固氮螺菌（A1）、两种来源与固氮螺菌的混合(A1S1 和 A1C1) 和未处理的对照。先前在实验室条件下，在 28°C 下，将这些处理与土壤以田间容量培养五个月。五个月内每个月都会分析最相关的化学和生物参数。结果表明，固氮螺菌接种谷物可增加土壤有机碳 (TOC)、脱氢酶和脲酶、微量营养素铁 (Fe ²⁺ )、锌 (Zn ²⁺ )、锰 (Mn ²⁺ )、铜 (Cu ²⁺ ), 和硼 (B ⁺)，以及大量营养元素氮 (N)、磷 (P) 和钾 (K)；与初始条件相比，可交换钠百分比 (ESP)、pH 和 EC 分别降低了 75%、12% 和 43%。在所有处理中观察到化学和生物学特性的显着变化，顺序为 S2 ≥ A1S1> A1 > C2 > C1S1 > A1C1 > C1 > 对照 > 初始。综上所述，对于盐碱地土壤的改良，强烈推荐在谷粒中加入固氮螺菌。在修复和提高盐碱地土壤肥力方面，它比堆肥更有效。