Jupiter’s Great Red Spot (GRS), a giant anticyclone, is the largest and longest‐lived of all the vortices observed in planetary atmospheres. During its history, the GRS has shrunk to half its size since 1879, and encountered many smaller anticyclones and other dynamical features that interacted in a complex way. In 2018–2020, while having a historically small size, its structure and even its survival appeared to be threatened when a series of anticyclones moving in from the east tore off large fragments of the red area and distorted its shape. In this work, we report observations of the dynamics of these interactions and show that as a result the GRS increased its internal rotation velocity, maintaining its vorticity but decreasing its visible area, and suffering a transient change in its otherwise steady 90‐day oscillation in longitude. From a radiative transfer analysis and numerical simulations of the dynamics we show that the interactions affected the upper cloud tops of the GRS. We argue that the intense vorticity of the GRS, together with its larger size and depth compared to the interacting vortices, guarantees its long lifetime.

中文翻译：

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木星的大红点：2019年与即将到来的反旋风的强烈相互作用

木星的大红点（GRS）是一个巨大的反旋风，是在行星大气中观测到的所有旋涡中最大，寿命最长的。在其历史上，自1879年以来，GRS的体积已缩小到一半，并遇到了许多较小的反旋风分离器和其他动力学特征，它们以复杂的方式相互作用。在2018–2020年，尽管历史上较小，但其结构甚至生存似乎受到威胁，因为一系列从东部进入的反气旋撕裂了红色区域的大碎片并扭曲了其形状。在这项工作中，我们报告了对这些相互作用动力学的观察结果，结果表明，GRS增加了其内部旋转速度，保持了涡度，但减小了其可见面积，并且在稳定的90天振荡中遭受了瞬态变化。经度。通过辐射传递分析和动力学数值模拟，我们表明相互作用影响了GRS的高层云顶。我们认为，与相互作用的涡旋相比，GRS的强烈涡旋以及更大的尺寸和深度保证了其较长的使用寿命。